Archive

• 2007 Volume 29 Issue 3
  Published: 30 September 2007

    

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  遗传育种
  栽培生理
  土肥植保
  

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遗传育种
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  遗传育种

  Genetic analysis of apetalous in Brassica napus L. using mixed model of major gene and polygene

  ZHANG Jie-fu1,2, QI Cun-kou2, PU Hui-ming2, CHEN Song2, CHEN Feng2, CHEN Xin-jun2, GAO Jian-qin2, FU Shou-zhong2

  2007, 29(3): 227-232.

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  An apetalous rapeseed line APL01 was crossed with normal four petals varieties NB6 and M083 to perform six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2) of the two crosses. The major gene and polygene mixed genetic model was used to analyze the apetalous trait in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Results showed that the fitting model for apetalous in rapeseed was E-0 genetic model, which was two additive-dominance-epistasis major genes and additive-dominance-epistasis polygene model. The additive effects of the two major genes were equality, but they were different in different crosses and different years. The range of the additive effect of the two major genes was -11.13~ -20.08. The dominance effects of the two major genes estimated from cross (APL01/NB6) was different; one major gene was significantly larger than that of the other, while there was no difference between the dominance effects of two major genes estimated from cross (APL01/M083). The epistasis effect was also different in different crosses; there were mainly additive-additive and additive-dominance epistasis in cross (APL01/NB6), while in cross (APL01/M083), it was mainly dominance-dominance epistasis. The heritability of major gene was 76.29%-94.13%, which was significantly larger than that of the polygene, and the heriatbility of major gene estimated from B1 was larger than that of B2.
  

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  遗传育种

  Genetic analysis of oleic/linolei (O/L) ratio in peanut
  

  DING Jing-Ping1, HAN Zhu-Qiang1,3, ZHOU Rui-Yang1, GAO Guo-Qing2 YANG Yu-Ping4
  

  2007, 29(3): 233-237.

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  Inheritance of the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid in peanut in three cros- ses of “Qingmiaodou ×Quanzhoumake”, “Fuchuanda peanut×Longanbao peanut” and “Shanyou 162×Sunoleic95R” was investigated by applying the major gene plus poly-genes model of quantitative traits to a segregation analysis of single-generation F2 .The results showed that the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid in two crosses of “Qingmiaodou ×Quanzhoumake”, “Fuchuanda peanut×Longanbao peanu”was controlled by one major gene with minus dominance effect plus ploygenes and that the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid in cross of “Shanyou 162×Sunoleic95R”was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus ploy-genes，the estimated additive effects of the two major genes，da and db were 1.3586、1.3580，respectively. Heritability values of the major genes of three crosses were estimated as 61.27﹪、64.09﹪and 64.66﹪，respectively，whole those of polygenes were 33.85％、34.52％ and 33.45％，respectively。
  
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  Study on Breeding of Space Mutants in Peanut and Analysis of Genetic diversity based on SSR Marker
  
  

  ZHOU Gui-yuan，HONG Yan-bin, Lin Kun-yao, LI Shao-Xiong , LIANG Xuan-Qiang
  
  

  2007, 29(3): 238-241.

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  The seeds of a peanut variety, Yueyou No.7 were carried into outer space by a recoverable satellite in 2003. The seeds were grown and screened for mutants in a process that taked three years. 21 pods mutant lines was obtained. SSR(simple sequences repeat ) analysis was performed between these mutant lines and its original variety. Total 110 pairs of primers were screened, 5 of them　amplified polymorphic products. The contrast between 21 mutant lines and the original variety showed polymorphism in their SSR pattern. These results indicated that the outer space mutation is a very effective method to develop new peanut germplasms.
  
  
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  遗传育种

  Development of Yield, Quality and Plant Type of Released and Registered Summer-sowing Soybean varieties in Shandong Province
  
  

  Xu Ran, Zhang Lifeng, Wang Caijie, Li Wei
  

  2007, 29(3): 242-247.

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  Shandong province released 50 summer-sowing soybean [Glycine max (L.)Mree.] varieties from 1982 to 2005. We analyzed the average yield, highest yield, protein content, fat content, and agronomic characteristics such as plant height, nodes number of main stem, per plant effective branch number, pods number, and 100-seed weight of the released varieties. The results showed that the average yield of released varieties in 1982~1985 was 1892.73 kg/hm2, and 2820.67 kg/hm2 in 2001~2005, or increased by 49.0%; and the Highest yield in 1982~1985 was 3072.0 kg/hm2, and 4389.3 kg/hm2 in 2001~2005, or increased by 42.9%. The seeds protein content of these varieties ranged from 37.00% to 46.44%; fat content ranged from 16.80% to 22.50%. It changed with the breeding aims and ages. And it was proposed that the ideal plant type of summer-sowing soybean varieties released in Shandong province was with 70~80 cm stem height, 14~16 nodes on the main stem, 1~2 effective branches, and with even and dense pod.
  
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  Studies on the Changes of Phytohormones in Various Bud Development Stages
  in Thermo-Sensitivity Genic Male-Sterile Flax
  

  Guan Tian-xia Dang Zhan-hai2 Zhang Jian-ping2 Wang Li-min2
  

  2007, 29(3): 248-253.

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  :The changes of the contents of IAA,ABA,ZR,GA3 were measured by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and analysis the banlanced relation of four endogenous phytohormones in various bud development stages of male sterility line and its normal variety in Flax. The results showed that: 1) In male sterility line and its normal variety,the discrepancy of the change tendency of the phytohormones contents was obvious during the whole process of bud development stages, and the contents of them were clearly different. It indicated that the reduce of the contents of IAA and GA3 and the heighten of the contents of ABA and ZR are associated with the occurrence of male-sterility. 2) The change tendency of IAA/ABA、IAA/ZR、IAA/GA3、GA3/ABA are inconsistent ;and the discrepancy of them is far obviously. It indicated that the breaks of the equilibrium relationship of these four endogenous phytohormo- nes mighr affected the plant normal growth.
  
  
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  Detecting Trace Ingredient of Transgenic
  Rapeseeds by Semi-Nested PCR
  

  SHENG Lei1, WEN Wei-gang1, Zhao Xiu-ling1, CUI Jun-xia1, ZHU Shi-hua2
  

  2007, 29(3): 253-256.

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  Seminested PCR method was established to detect trace ingredient of transgenic rapeseeds, which was 100 times more sensitive than the regular PCR. DNA solutions of different mass concentration were extracted and purified by CTAB. The PEP gene from rapeseeds was used as endogenous reference gene, and four specific seminested primers were designed to amplify parts of the FMV35S promoter, the GOX, BARSTAR, and BARNASE genes in mixed samples of rapeseeds. The detection limit was up to 0.001%.
  
栽培生理
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  栽培生理

  Responses of Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics
  of Soybean to Aluminum Treatment
  

  YU Hui - na, Liu Peng, Xu Gen - di

  2007, 29(3): 257-265.

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  With two soybean (Glycine max) varieties, Zhechun No 2 and Zhechun No 3 as test materials, the effects of various aluminum (Al) concentration on their growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in solution culture were studied. The result showed that Al inhibited the increase of dry matter of root system, total length of roots and total volume of roots. Under high Al concentration, the growth of root systems were restrained after 7 day’s Al treatment. The symptom of Al toxicity from overground system happened later than that from roots system, whose symptom could be seen after 14 day’s Al treatment. The activity of root tip was enhanced with the increase of concentrations of Al, which strengthened the absorption ability of water and mineral element. With the increasie of Al, the permeability of plasma membrane increased. At the concentration of 90 mg / L Al3+, the harm to the soybean reached maximum. The chlorophyll content of soybean was enhanced under the low Al, but reduced under high Al concentration and the decrease of chlorophyll a content was more than that of chlorophyll b content. The study on chlorophyll fluorescence parameter revealed that minimal fluorescence (Fo) decreased, and maximum fluorescence (Fm) and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv / Fm）increased with the increase of Al concentration. Al treatment could depress the stress-tolerant ability of soybean, inhibited the photosynthetic electron transport and photosynthesis rate. There was genotypic difference between the two types of soybean, and Zhechun No 2 was more Al - tolerant than Zhechun No 3.
  
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  栽培生理

  Characteristics of root distribution at R5 stage in high yielding soybean in black soil
  

  JIN Jian1,2, WANG Guang - hua1, LIU Xiao - bing1, LI Yan - hua1, Stephen J Herbert 3
  

  2007, 29(3): 266-271.

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  With soil coring method and root analysis system, the vertical profiles of root system characteristics for the following positions including on plant, at plant spacing and row spacing, were determined at the R5 stage in soybean with different yield performance. The results showed that high-yielding soybean cultivar had strong ability of assimilation with high ratio of root to shoot, and generated more shoot dry weight per unit root length and root surface area. The characteristics of root in soil profile were: a high root dry weight not only in 0~30 cm of soil layer, but also in deeper layer (>30 cm) at the positions of plant and plant spacing; a high root diameter and ratio of root volume to soil volume in soil profile, except for the 0~15 cm of soil layer at plant spacing position; and a significantly great trend for root length in 0~30 cm of soil layer at the positions of plant growth. The fine root with 0~1.0 mm of root diameter was the major of root system, but the deviation of root length between different yielding types was the absolute value of fine root, other than its percentage. Except for the 0~15 cm of soil layer at plant spacing position, a higher root diameter and ratio of root volume to soil volume in soil profile was found in high-yielding soybean cultivar.
  
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  A Study of relation between Canopy Physiological Parameter and Seed Yield
  in Super High-Yield Soybean
  
  

  WEI Jian-jun, LUO Geng-tong , ZHANG Li ,PAN Wen-yuan
  

  2007, 29(3): 272-276.

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  The objective of study was to determine the changing trends of plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and the correlation between those colony parameters and seed yield. The results indicated that the yield reached to the highest, 5695.2kg/hm2, with the planting density of 288700/hm2; the biggest leaf area index was gained after 84 days of emergence while the leaf area duration was 2602269g.m2/hm2; the net photosynthetic rate was 5.19 g/m2.d after the 105 days of emergence, which is the biggest in the whole growth period. The results also showed that those main colony physiological parameters of “Xin Dadou 1” in the early growth period were superior to that in the later. There were significant correlativities between most of parameters in the periods of beginning bloom and full bloom.
  
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  Variation in soybean isoflavones as related to growing locations with various latitudes in Heilongjiang province of China
  

  Zhan Da-yong1，2 Song Yu-hong2 Ning Hai-long2 Zhang Shu-zhen2 Li Wen-bin2 Xie Fu-di1
  

  2007, 29(3): 277-280.

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  Isoflavones in soybean are extensively attended and studied, for it may have positive impacts on human health. The objective of this study was to learn the variation of isoflavone contents of soybean seed. There were significant influence of both the environment and the variety on isoflavone contents in soybean seeds. The genotype x location interactions were the biggest in daidzein, genistein and total contents. The effect of location was the biggest in glycitein content. The effect of genotype were the least in the four contents. Positive correlation between latitude and the four kind soybean isoflavones content were observed.
  
  
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  栽培生理

  Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristic in the leaves of modern and old soybean cultivars
  

  LI Da-yong1, XU Ke-zhang1*,ZHANG Zhi-an1,ZHAO Ying-jun1,LU Jing-mei2
  

  2007, 29(3): 281-285.

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  AbstrIn order to understand relationship between photosynthetic characteristics (L.)Merr.] and four modern soybean cultivars spanning seven decades was studied, providing a certain theoretical basis for high yield breeding and cultivation of soybean. The results showed that the yield of modern cultivars was 91% higher than that of old cultivars. Simultaneously, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomata condutance (Gs), transpiration (Tr), water use efficiency(WUE), chlorophyll content (Chlo) and specific leaf weight(SLW) of modern cultivars were higher than those of old cultivars, the net photosynthetic rate increased most, reached 17.3% . Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in modern cultivars was lower than that in old ones. The yield was significantly positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate at flowering and seed-podding stage, correlation coefficients of other photosynthetic characteristics and yield was unstable.
  

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  栽培生理

  Effects of 6-BA和PP333 on the ability of freezing tolerance of oil rape ( B. napus) seedling
  

  ZHOU Qin ,SUN Xiao-fang ,JIANG Hai-dong*
  

  2007, 29(3): 286-290.

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  ABSTRACT Oil rape，especially directly planted rape is easily subjected to low temperature stress and the normal growth is influenced during the seedling stage. So it is important to enhance the ability of freezing tolerance of rape. 6-BA and PP333 were used in the experiment to study the effects of different concentrations of the two plant growth regulators on the growth and ability of freezing tolerance of rape seedling planted in pots under an open wire cage. The results showed that the weight of single plant was increased, while relative conductance ratio and exudation ratio of amino acid in detached leaf were decreased with increasing the concentrations of 6-BA and PP333 to a certain extent. Activities of SOD, CAT and POD in leaf and root activity all changed in patterns of single-peak curve as responded to increasing 6-BA and PP333 concentrations, and reached maximum values at the concentration of 50 mg•L-1. It showed that 6-BA and PP333 treatment could increase activities of anti-oxidative protective enzymes, decreased the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation in leaf and improved root activity. So the ability of freezing tolerance of rape was improved, and the appropriate concentration were about 50 mg•L-1.
  
  
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  栽培生理

  Growth characteristics of Sesame capsules and seeds
  

  ZHANG Xiu-rong1*, SUN Jian1, HUO Lei2
  

  2007, 29(3): 291-296.

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  The growth characteristics of sesame variety “Zhongzhi No. 11” capsules and seeds were researched through measuring the length, volume, fresh weight and dry weight of capsules and the vigor, fresh weight, dry weight, crude protein, crude fat and fat acid of seeds in the growth process of sesame capsules and seeds. The results were as follows: (1) The length and volume of capsules reached their maximum at about 24~27d and became steady at about 30d after pollinated. (2) When the dry weight of seeds reached maximum at about 36d after pollinated, the vigor index and the percentage of germination and germination power all reached maximum, and seed physiological maturity was also achieved (3) The growth of side capsules and middle capsules almost synchronized, but growth index of side capsules were lower than that of middle capsules. (4) Crude protein of seeds reached a certain level before the seeds grew for 15d and increased slowly later. Crude fat, which increased fast before the seeds grew for 18d and became slow later, reached maximum at about 33d after pollinated. Different fat acids had different content changes.
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土肥植保
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  土肥植保

  Study on difference in uptake and utilization of soil insoluble phosphorous for various P efficient genotypes in Brassica napus
  

  LIANG Hong - ling1, SHI Lei1, 2, XU Fang - sen1, 2 *, WANG Yun - hua1
  

  2007, 29(3): 297-301.

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  Rhizobox was employed to study the difference in plant growth, phosphorous (P) accumulation and utilization of insoluble P in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil between P-efficient genotype (97081) and P-inefficient genotype (97009) at low P and high P levels in this paper. Results showed that P-efficient genotype 97081 produced higher biomass production and showed stronger ability to accumulate P than P-inefficient genotype 97009 under the low-P stress. Based on the fractionation analysis of soil inorganic phosphorus, it was found that available P, Al-P and Ca-P content in rhizosphere soil with planting 97081 were significant lower than that with 97009, which indicated that P-efficient genotype had stronger ability to mobilize and assimilate Al-P and Ca-P in soil, hence higher shoot biomass and higher accumulation of P.