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  • 2013 Volume 35 Issue 3
    Published: 28 June 2013
      

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  • MA Lin, LIU Hai-zhen, LU Xu-zhong,NI Jin-long, ZHANG Xiao-juan, YANG Jian-bo
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    Germplasm accurate identification is usually affected by the similar phenotypic characteristics performed in the field, it is necessary to establish ID to distinguish varieties between each other. 463 SSR primers covering 19 linkage groups of rapeseed chromosome were screened, 33 primers showing polymorphic bands with 191 alleles were amplified and obtained. The number of alleles by each primer was 3 to 9 with an average of 5.7879 per primer, the effective number of alleles (Ne) is 1.9068 -7.4790 with an average of 4.730 7, the diversity (Nei’s genetic diversity index, He) was 0.773 8 to 2.045 1 with an average of 1.551 5, the discrimination power (DP) was 0.389 2 to 0.862 9 with an average of 0.742 8, polymorphism index content (PIC) was 0.4756-0.8663 with an average of 0.764 0. The principal coordinate (PCO) analysis indicated that all material could be clearly distinguished by 33 pairs of core primers, which divided into 3 subfamilies based on genetic similarity. After gradually screening, 7 pairs core primer (BrGMS075,Na14E08,BrAS084,CB10545,Na14G10,CN57 and Ra2E04) were selected, and their bands amplified by each marker were coded, and then the codes were combined as a molecular ID for Brassica napus.

  • ZHENG Ben-chuan, ZHANG Jin-fang,LI Hao-jie,PU Xiao-bin, CUI Cheng, CHAI Liang, JIANG Jun, NIU Ying-ze*,JIANG Liang-cai*
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    Coefficients and path analysis on duration of growth periods and yield components were evaluated using 39 commercial rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in Sichuan Province. Results showed that both durations of vegetative period and silique maturing period had significant positive correlation with yield. Flowering duration had negative correlation with yield. Among the yield components, vegetative duration had significant positve correlation with seeds per silique, but negatively correlated with 1 000-seed weight. Flowering duration was negatively correlated with yield components characteristics. Silique maturing duration had significant positve correlation with both seeds per silique and 1 000-seed weight, but negatively correlated with effective silique per plant. The durations of growth periods affected yield per plant, mainly from indirect effects of yield components. The effect order of durations on seeds per silique was as following: maturing duration>vegetative duration>flowering duration. The effect order on 1 000-seed weight was: maturing duration >flowering duration>vegetative duration. Results indicated the importance of optimum growth period selection on rapeseed breeding according to their complex interactions. 

  • WANG Cai-Jie, SUN Shi, WU Bao-Mei, CHANG Ru-Zhen, HAN Tian-Fu
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    A total of 113 soybean varieties from Northeast and Huanghuaihai Valleys since 1940s were selected for pedigree analysis based on their commercial success measured by their planted areas in hectares. Based on the collected pedigree data of these varieties, the end ancestors and direct parents of these varieties were traced. Compared to the data of the varieties reported before, the number of end ancestors of these popular varieties was increased, and their genetic basis was broader than ordinary varieties. Newly-bred poplular varieties had broader genetic background than the old ones. The genetic basis of these varieties from Huanghuaihai Valleys was broader than thosefrom northeast China. Their offsprings had greater potential to be new elite varieties than those from other crosses. The germplasm exchange between different regions could be further improved.

  • ZHAO Lin, LU Qing-yao, ZHANG Yan-wei, GU Yue-jiao, LI Wen-bin*
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    Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that soybean GmRAV gene was strongly induced by darkness. Transgenic tobaccos overexpressing soybean GmRAV gene exhibited etiolated phenotype in the dark compared to control plants, inhibited cotyledon expansion and promoted hypocotyl elongation. GmRAV gene could be involved in skotomorphogenesis GmRAV

  • DU Pei ZHANG Xin-you* LI Li-na HUANG Bing-yan DONG Wen-zhao TANG Feng-shou
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    Spanish peanut variety ( Arachis hypogaea L. var. vulgaris Harz) Baisha 1016 was a popular cultivar and an elite germplasm resource. Using the highly conserved repeat sequences of 5s rDNA and 45s rDNA as probes, FISH analysis of metaphase chromosomes in cells from peanut root tips were conducted. Hybridization signals were observed in 12 chromosomes including in both long and short arms of one pair of chromosome, short arms of two pairs of chromosomes, and long arms of three pairs of chromosomes. Most of the chromosomes of Baisha 1016 could be distinguished and characterized based on the hybridization signals combined with DAPI+ bands and length, arm ratio and area of chromosomes. The results provided the genetic basis of chromosome analysis for utilization of Baisha 1016 in further breeding programs.

  • DING Xia, WANG Lin-hai, ZHANG Yan-Xin, LI Dong-hua, GAO Yuan, WEI Wen-liang, WANG Lei, ZHANG Xiu-rong*
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    216 accessions in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) core-collection were used to study the variation and interrelationship of plant height constitutions. All accessions were scanned with 79 pairs of EST-SSR, AFLP and SRAP primers, and the loci related to plant height constitutions were predicted by association mapping.
    Result showed that all traits of plant height constitutions presented a trend of continuous change. They had abundant variation types and the CV (coefficient of variation) were all above 10%. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that stem height from base to first capsule and capsule zone length were the main factors affecting plant height. In total, 34 loci related to plant height constitutions in both 2010 and 2011 were detected by association analysis based on GLM(Q) model and MLM(Q) model. These loci explained 1.89% to 5.29% of phenotypic variation with average of 2.82%. Among these loci, two were pleiotropic that affected two traits respectively detected by GLM(Q) model, only one locus M20E12-3 associating with stem height from base to first capsule was identified by both models. Result also showed that sesame plant height constitutions were significantly affected by genotype, environment and their interaction.

  • LONG Wei-hua, PU Hui-ming, ZHANG Jie-fu, QI Cun-kou, ZHANG Xue-kun
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     Fifteen Brassica napus genotypes were stressed by gradient NaCl concentrations. Six physiological characteristics including germination rate, germination potential, root length, hypocotyl length, plantlet weight and up-ground weight were tested on germination stage. Results showed that relative germination rate changed in Boltzmann curve with various NaCl concentrations. 214mmol/L was defined as the optimum salt concentration for evaluating the salt tolerance of rapeseed. Under this salt stress, root and hypocotyl lengths decreased remarkably, germination rate, germination potential and plantlet weight changed less, and above ground weight changed the least. Results showed significant correlations among the six characteristics. Root length and hypocotyl length could be used to forecast its salt-tolerance ability of a given line preliminarily. Cluster analysis indicated that the 15 lines could be divided into 3 groups. WH126 and WH129 had higher potential of high salt-tolerance. WH137 was the most salt-sensitive line.

  • ZHANG Yao-wen, ZHAO Xiao-guang, LI Jian-chang, TIAN Jian-hua, LI Shao-qin, LI Yong-hong, WANG Li-ping, GUO Xu-peng,LI Dian-rong
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    The homologous normal line (M line, the maintainer of CMS line) of Brassica napus L. was chosen as control to investigate the differences of morphological and yield characteristics between the CMS lines and CIMS lines (chemical induced CMS derived from the maintainer lines). Three groups of materials were used including Shaan2A (CMS), Shaan3A (CMS), and Shaan5A (CMS) with their corresponding CIMS and M lines. The chemical SX-1 was sprayed twice at budding and flower-starting periods. Results showed that, compared to the M lines, leaf areas of CIMS lines were less than their M lines at the flowering stage. The plant height of CIMS lines was lower, but the difference reduced gradually. The shapes of flower organs were different with lighter and smaller buds, and shorter stamens. But the shape of silique was not changed. The branching position, main inflorescence length and silique amount of main inflorescence of the CIMS lines were lower, but the branches amount was higher. Biological output, root weight were higher, and the economic coefficient was lower. Seed yield and root-to-top ratio had no difference with the M lines. The fruiting characteristics had no difference after artificial or open pollination. Compared to the CMS lines, leaf areas of CIMS lines were less at the flowering stage. The plant height of CIMS lines was lower before the blooming period, and the difference increased gradually. Silique length, width, surface and amount were larger, but the silique surface of single plant was lower. Branching position, branch number, siliques on braches and main inflorescence length were lower. But the amount and density of siliques were higher on the main inflorescence with higher proportion of siliques on the main inflorescence. The economic coefficient and biological output of CIMS were lower than the CMS lines, while root weight and root-to-top ratio CIMS were higher. The results suggested that, it is very important to establish new compound pollination control system using both CIMS and CMS to integrate the advantages of the two sterile materials.

  • XIE Yun-yun, YU Chang-bing, HOU Jia-jia, HU Xiao-jia, ZHANG Shu-jie, SHEN Hong*, LIAO Xing
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    To understand the effects of low oxygen on rapeseed seedlings, Brassica napus L. inbred line GAC and cultivar Zhongshuang 10 were used to investigate adventitious rooting in liquid medium with 1mg/L oxygen. Results indicated that 6d of low oxygen stress significantly decreased seedling dry weight by 45.3% in GAC and 22.3% in Zhongshuang 10 respectively. Adventitious root growth was significantly induced. The 6d low oxygen treatment increased the adventitious roots by 88.6% in GAC and 137.3% in Zhongshuang 10. Excision of adventitious roots led to decrease of seedling dry weight by 24.9% of GAC and 35% of Zhongshuang 10 respectively. Pretreatment of low oxygen (6d-low oxygen treatment in liquid medium with 0.5% agar) and aeration exercise increased the dry weight and the number of adventitious roots of Zhongshuang 10, but had no obvious effect on GAC. Results indicated that correlation between adventitious roots and dry weight was larger under low oxygen stress than normal condition. It indicated that adventitious root formation is one of the important physiological mechanisms for rape seedlings to adapt to low oxygen stress.

  • LI Yin-shui, YU Chang-bing, LIAO Xing*, HU Xiao-jia, XIE Li-hua, ZHANG Shu-jie, CHE Zhi, LIAO Xiang-sheng
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    Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a damaging disease of oilseed rape. In order to assess the potential of NPK fertilizers to control SSR, nine field experiments conditions with or without N–fertilizer application, with or without P-fertilizer application and with or without K-fertilizer application were studied using five varieties of rapeseed in Wuxue city, Hubei Province, China, from 2006 to 2009. Compared to control, the results showed that applying N fertilizer increased rapeseed yield and SSR index by 203.7% and 17.7% respectively. Applying P fertilizer, the yield increased by 47.2% and SSR index decreased by 31.0%. Applying K fertilizer, the yield increased by 30.1% and SSR index decreased by 21.9%. These results suggested that: (1) For N-fertilizer application, the pathogen may obtain more nutrients and rapeseed vigorous growth may raise the field humidity, which further increased rapeseed SSR disease. (2) The P-fertilizer application may provide energy for rapeseed to resist infection by S. sclerotiorum. (3) The K-fertilizer application may regulate plant metabolic processes and plant morphology, thus improving resistance to S. sclerotiorum. This study suggests that rational application of NPK fertilizers can control SSR and improve the yield of rapeseed.

  • WANG Su-ping, LI Xiao-kun *, LU Jian-wei, LI Hui, LIU Bo,WU Qing-feng, WANG Hang, XIAO Guo-bin, XUE Xin-xin, XU Zheng-wei
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    To provide evidence for application of combined chemicals of CRU (controlled released urea), three sites of field trials were conducted in the main rapeseed zone of China in 2009 to 2010. Four treatments were designed as no nitrogen, 100% urea, 100% CRU and combined application-treatment (60% CRU+ 40% Urea) to study the effects on yield, profits, nitrogen recovery efficiency of rapeseed and soil inorganic nitrogen content. Results showed that the combined application increased the yield by 11.4% to 12.9% compared to 100% CRU-treatment as based fertilizer. No significant difference was found in yield and dry matter between the 100% CRU-treatment and combined application-treatment. In seedling stage, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of the combined application increased by 10.59% to 50.58% and 10.40% to 28.57% compared to 100% CRU-treatment except Xishui site. The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of the combined application respectively increased by 5.4% to 20.9% and 8.7% to 18.8% compared to 100% Urea treatment, but no difference was found between them in mature period. No significant difference was found in nutrient recovery efficiency either. After harvest, the soil inorganic nitrogen in tillage layer soils of the combined application-treatment were increased by 5.0% to 44.2% compared to 100% Urea-treatment, but decreased by 19.6% to 38.8% compared to the 100% CRU-treatment. The profits of combined application treatment were increased by 488.9 to 1040.2 Yuan/hm2 compared to 100% Urea-treatment, and increased by 205.3 to 599.0Y uan/hm2 compared to 100% CRU-treatment.

  • JI Hai-Wen, REN Li, CHEN Kun-Rong, XU Li, LIU Fan, SUN Chao-Chao, LI Jun, LIU Sheng-yi, FANG Xiao-Ping
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     Williams system was used to identify main physiological races of Plasmodiophora brassicae, the pathogen of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) clubroot from 19 main disease regions. Results indicated that at least 3 races (as Race 2, 4 and 13) existed in China. Race 4 was dominant in 16 locations, including Zhijiang and Dangyang of Hubei Province, She County of Anhui Province, 4 counties of Yunnan Province, 5 counties of Sichuan Province. Race 13 and 2 were distributed in Qiyunshan Town and Shangshan Town of Anhui Province, respectively. Resistance of 52 oilseed cultivars to clubroot was evaluated under field conditions in Zhijiang and Huangshan. Results showed 10 cultivars (as Ganliangyou 3, Rongyou 9, Zheshuang 6, Huayouza 12, Zhongyou 2628, Yangyou 8, Ningyou 12, Zheyou 28, Zhongshuang 10 and Fengyou 520) were resistant to Race 4 in Zhijiang, and 3 hybrid cultivars (as Chengyouza 6, De 68-12 and Chuzayou 3) were resistant to Race 13 in Huangshan. These cultivars were recommended as predominant cultivars and breeding materials in clubroot infected regions.

     

  • ZHANG Ji-qing, ZHANG Xue-lei,, XIAO Yan-nong,WANG Xiao-ming, ZHU Zhen-dong
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     Eighty eight isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from soybean production fields of Yichun, Suihua, Hegang and Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province were examined for biological characteristics and mycelial compatibility. Results showed that differences were significant in colony characteristics, mycelium growth rate, sclerotia location on medium, the total number of sclerotia and the sclerotium weight among the isolates from the four regions. The differences of the mycelium growth rate, the total number of sclerotia and sclerotium weight were significant different among the five colony types generated by 88 S. sclerotiorum isolates. Analysis of mycelial compatibility revealed that 29 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) were generated, 24(82.8%)of which were consisted of only one isolate compatible self-self. Among 29 MCGs, the largest one was composed of 43 S. sclerotiorum isolates from Suihua, Hegang and Jiamusi regions. Biological characteristics of S. sclerotiorum isolates in the same MCG were not completely consistent. The results indicated the presence of diversity and heterogeneity of S. sclerotiorum infecting soybean in Heilongjiang Province.

  • JING Lan, WANG Li-fang, KANG Jun, HAN Qing-mei, KANG Zhen-sheng
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    order to know the interaction between sunflower and Puccinia helianthi Schw. and resistance mechanism, the combinations between Puccinia helianthi Schw. and sunflower cultivars were examined by electron microscopy. The observation revealed striking differences in the fungal development and the host responses after infection by the pathogen. Pathogen hyphae grew in the intercellular space between cells or along the cell wall in the susceptible sunflower cultivars. At the early and middle stage of infection process, the host cell became plasmolyzed. The chloroplast was malformed. The thylakoid inside chloroplast became disordered. At the later stage, some chloroplasts collapsed. The main histological manifestation of the pathogen development in the resistant sunflower cultivars includes inhibition of hyphal growth.,no haustorium produced. Host cells’ necrosis was closely related with the inhibition of hyphal development. It is possible that starvation was the primary cause of the cessation of fungal growth.

  • LEI Jia-wen, LI Pei-wu, ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Zhao-wei, DING Xiao-xia, ZHANG Wen
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     To provide high effect materials for anti-idiotype and anti-immune complex antibodies in aflatoxin research, monoclonal antibody 1C11 from mouse ascites based on hybridoma cell 1C11 was used. The antibody was prepared and digested by pepsin at 37℃ in pH4.1 citrate buffer for 4.5h for the preparation of F(ab')2 fragments. After purification, the characteristics of F(ab')2 fragment were identified by ELISA. Results showed that the titer of F(ab')2 fragments was 1:320 000, which was 1.5 folds higher than 1C11. And the sensitivity (IC50) of F(ab')2 fragments was 8.7pg/mL against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). It concluded that F(ab')2 fragments maintained the sensitivity of the original antibody1C11 but with higher titer.

  • YANG Jin-e, HUANG Qing-de,ZHOU Qi,HUANG Feng-hong,DENG Qian-chun
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    The volatile compounds in both cold-﹠hot-pressed flaxseed oil samples were extracted using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that main volatile compositions in cold-pressed flavor flaxseed oil were 1-hexanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-Butanol,1-pentanol, hexanal, 4-hydroxy-butanoic acid,2-ethyl-furan, and the total relative content of alcohols could reach up to 66%. By contrast, the relative content of alcohols in hot-pressed flaxseed oil volatile compounds dropped quickly, and the characteristic volatile compounds were found to be a lot of Maillard reaction products, such as furfurals, pyrazines, pyrroles , pyridines and so on, the relative content of aldehydes (140 ℃, 25.1%) and heterocyclic compounds (140 ℃, 41.68%) increased rapidly. The Maillard reaction Products formed hot-pressed flaxseed oil unique toasting flavor. But according to research these aromatic heterocyclic compounds and their complexes have toxic effects on human physiological function, thus affects the safety of hot-pressed linseed oil, by comparison, cold-pressed linseed oil has the characteristics of higher food safety.

  • XIA You-lin, LIAO Bo-shou, MAO Jin-xiong, ZENG Yan, QI Yan, LIAO Jun-hua, JING Yi-lin, CUI Fu-hua, REN Zheng-long
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    The lime induced iron deficiency chlorosis of peanut occurs commonly in calcareous, alkaline and purplish soils of Sichuan Basin. Iron-deficiency induced chlorosis tolerance of 19 peanut genotypes were investigated in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that: 1) the occurrence rate of the chlorosis were significantly different among the developmental stages and maximized at 75 days after sowing date at pod setting stage; 2) the tolerance to iron deficiency among 19 genotypes were markedly different, the genotype ICGV 86031 was free from the symptoms and had maximum SPAD reading; 3) the variances of the chlorosis tolerance and yield among genotypes had significant quadratic parabola or linearity correlation at 1% probability level; 4) ICGV 86031 was iron efficient, but low yielding, while ICGV 97228, 97229 and 97232 were iron sensitive and had in the most yield reduction in the calcareous and purplish soil. Tianfu 24 tolerated iron deficiency well with higher yield. 

  • LIU Ling-yan, HUANG Jun-yan, CHENG Xiao-hui, LIU Yue-ying, DONG Cai-hua, LIU Sheng-yi*
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     Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the resistance of winter rapeseed candidate cultivars to Sclerotinia stem rot (by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) by artificial disease nursery between 2009 to 2012. 91 candidate cultivars tested in the national winter rapeseed regional trials were classified into resistant and susceptible groups at 6 levels as high resistant, medium resistant, low resistant, high susceptible, medium susceptible and low susceptible. Brassica napus L. cv Zhongyou 821 was used as control. Two years of experiments showed that only 31 cultivars were resistant (low resistant) to the disease. The percentages of resistant cultivars were 22.73%, 37.5%, 50%, 28.75% and 0 in the 4 trail groups including UY (upper-stream of the Yangtze River), MY (mid-stream of the Yangtze River), DY (down-stream of the Yangze River), HH (the Huang-Huai River), and EM (early maturity group) respectively. Among them, 4 of the 10 pure lines were medium resistant, and 27 (about 33.3%) of the 81 hybrid lines were medium resistant. The low percentages of resistance alerted breeders to produce disease resistance winter rapeseed. 

  • NIE Feng-jie, HUANG Li-li, KANG Zhen-sheng
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    Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a worldwide pathogenic fungus. It is difficult to control due to the lack of resistant plant lines, wide range of hosts and chemical fungicides resistance. S. sclerotiorum isolates have various pathogenicity. Some hypovirulent strains have been identified. This paper summarized the mycoviruses infecting S. sclerotiorum including RNA virus (SsDRV), single-stranded circular DNA virus (SsHADV-1) and some undetermined double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) factors. The transmission path of the mycovirus was explained. The way to break the mycelium incompatibility boundary was reviewed for effective spread of mycovirus between mycelium. New ideas and clues for future prevention and biological control of S. sclerotiorum were discussed. 

  • WANG Da-gang, ZHI Hai-jian, ZHANG Lei
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     Soybean mosaic virus disease caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the major virus disease worldwide in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), resulting in substantial yield losses and significant seed quality deterioration. This paper reviewed the research advances on resistance to SMV in soybean, which includes screening of resistant germplasm, studying on inheritance of resistance, fine mapping and marker-assisted selection of resistance genes, and some resistant candidate genes to SMV in soybeans. Future research directions of SMV resistance are proposed. The summary of related study could assist molecular breeding and functional analysis of resistance genes to SMV in soybean.