With the rapid development of genome sequencing, some important results have been obtained based on genomic data with a large-scale analysis of genetic diversity of rapeseed in recent years. Based on these re⁃ sults, we summarized the development history and genetic analysis of rapeseed cultivars in China. We focused on ge⁃ netic analysis of growth period, pedigree breeding and hybrid pedigree breeding of rapeseed cultivars, with the aim to deepen people's understanding of the origin, variation and evolution of rapeseed. According to current situation of rapeseed production, we made suggestions to reduce the cost of rapeseed production and increase yield per unit ar⁃ea, and discussed the future development of rapeseed varieties in China.