To better utilize perilla collection resources, genetic diversities of 127 accessions of perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) from 5 cultivated regions of Gansu were analyzed with SSR markers. Based on result of UPGMA, the accessions were characterized using an allele preferred sampling strategy and geographical information to establish a core collection. Results showed that Nei's gene diversity indexes was 0.2366, Shannon’s information index was 0.3724. In addition, UPGMA cluster analysis also revealed closer genetic relationships between Longnan and Tianshui population, as well as Pingliang and Qingyang population. Genetic distances between groups were associated with their geographical origin. Totally 38 accessions were constituted a core collection. 7 phenotypic traits and 5 oil quality traits of the core collection were tested by mean value, variance, range, and coefficient variation, which showed that the constructed core collection had well representativeness and genetic diversity.

To address the rapeseed straw processing, wood-plastic composites were prepared by mixing and hot-pressing process using rapeseed straw as raw material. Effects of filling amount, particle size and polymer types of rapeseed straw on performance indexes of wood-plastic composites were systematically studied, and were compared with relevant indexes in GB/T 24137-2009. Results showed that properties of wood-plastic composites were better, when filling amount of rapeseed straw was 30% and the particle size was 80 mesh. Performance of composites prepared by polypropylene was better than that of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, high density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. The effects of rice husk ash, hydrophilic nano-silica and hydrophobic nano-silica on performance indexes of materials were compared. It indicated that adding 5% oleophilic nano-silica or 5% rice husk ash could effectively enhance the performance of composites, with tensile strength increased by 2.01% and 11.25%, bending strength increased by 12.73% and 7.32%, and elastic modulus increased by 7.13% and 6.43%, respectively. The wood-plastic composites prepared with a formula of 25% rapeseed straw powder, 5% rice husk ash and 70% polypropylene had the best performance as tensile strength 17.83±0.56 MPa, bending strength 33.68±0.04 MPa, elastic modulus 2119.32±6.39 MPa, shore hardness 72.30±1.09 HD, water content 0.39±0.02%, and water absorption thickness expansion rate 0.58±0.00%. These performances were basically met the national standards.

To utilize B genome of Brassica nigra, triploid hybrids obtained from hybridization between B. rapa (turnip-type rapeseed) and black mustard were used as female parents, which were constantly backcrossed with B. rapa in this study. Two B. nigra chromosomes monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) were identified by molecular markers, cytology and morphology. Progenies′ phenotypes and chromosome behaviors were observed in MAALs. Results showed that B. rapa-nigra B7 and B8 chromosome MAALs exhibited special phenotypes. B7 MAAL exhibited severe female infertility, with a light yellow seed coat color and leaves displaying B. nigra trichome phenotype. B8 MAAL exhibited tall plant and multiple first branching from B. nigra. Cytological analysis showed that both B7 and B8 chromosomes of B. nigra existed as univalent during meiosis, and a 45S rDNA locus was found on B7 chromosome. Male and female gamete transmission rates revealed that the transmission frequencies of B7 and B8 chromosomes were low. B7 chromosome female gamete transmission rate was 9.14%, male gamete transmission rate was 6.58% and B8 chromosome female gamete transmission rate was 20.17%, male gamete transmission rate was 9.05%. B7 and B8 MAALs created in this study were valuable for deeply analysis.

In recent years, drought weather has occurred frequently during spring sowing in Northeast China, resulting in poor germination quality and low emergence rate of soybean seeds. In this study, 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) was used to simulate drought stress to identify drought tolerance of 201 chromosome segment substitution line populations at germination stage. Germination potential, germination rate, germination index, relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative germination index and drought damage rate were used as identification indexes. Cluster analysis obtained 19 drought tolerant materials, 131 intermediate materials, and 51 sensitive materials. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method was used to locate QTLs for each germination index, and a total of 3 QTLs were located, of which qDT-4-1 and qDT-15-2 were located in multiple traits. A total of 17 genes were annotated in qDT-4-1 and qDT-15-2. Based on amino acid sequence alignment and real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis between parents, it was speculated that gene Glyma.15G196400 might be related to drought tolerance at germination stage. Haplotype analysis of candidate gene Glyma.15G196400 was performed using 258 soybean germplasm resources, and 2 elite haplotypes Hap-1 and Hap-2 were obtained. These 2 haplotypes had a G-A mutation at -2001 bp, which caused a mutation of CAAT-box promoter. The germination rate, germination potential and germination index of Hap-1 and Hap-2 were significantly different at 0.05 level, indicating that the candidate gene had a wide range of applicability in the soybean population.

In order to identify the CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) family members and their functions in peanut genome, tbioinformatics analysis and expression pattern of the gene family members were carried out to lay a foundation for peanut responds to disease stress. Using peanut genome sequences as reference, 85 AhCNL family members were identified using Pfam, HMMER, NCBI and Coiled Coil software and online sites. AhCNL genes are distributed on 15 out of 20 chromosomes, mainly on A02 and A12. Most of them exist in clusters at chromosomes end. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that AhCNL genes can be divided into 4 subfamilies, and the gene members in each subfamily are highly conserved. Collinearity analysis showed that there were 16 pairs of genes in the species, and inter-species analysis showed that CNL of peanut and Glycine max had higher homology than those of Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago sativa. The promoters of AhCNL genes contain a large number of cis-acting elements related to hormone and disease resistance. Most CNL family genes were not expressed before and after being invaded by pathogens, with a few genes changed after being induced.

Elsinchrome (ESC) is a photosensitive perylene quinone mycotoxin produced by Elsinoë arachidis, which acts as the virulence factor of the pathogen. For deep understanding of the regulatory network governing ESC biosynthesis, we conducted a comprehensive analysis including identification of transcription factors specific to the secondary metabolism gene cluster, EaPSTF1 gene clone, bioinformatics and expression analysis based on whole-genome sequencing. The findings revealed the presence of 3 distinct transcription factors within the pathogen's secondary metabolism gene cluster. Among them, EaPSTF1 had a length of 1305 bp comprising a complete open reading frame, encoding a 110.58 kD-protein with 434 amino acids. And its theoretical isoelectric point was 4.94. Primarily located in cell nucleus, EaPSTF1 is a hydrophilic protein dominated by α-helices. It contains 2 Zn(II)2Cys6-type domains, GAL4 and AFLR. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated a consistent expression pattern of EaPSTF1 with toxin accumulation trend, indicating a potential involvement in regulation of ESC toxin biosynthesis.

As one of the most important oil, food and feed crop worldwide, soybean is the main source of vegetable oils and proteins for human beings. Soybean viral diseases are widely distributed in soybean-producing areas all over the world, which seriously affect yield and quality of soybean. At present, there is no effective chemical agent for controlling them. Viral infectious clone is a powerful tool for reverse genetic research on viral gene function and mechanisms of interaction between virus and plant, and it can be modified to virus-mediated overexpression (VOX) vector or virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for rapid analysis of plant gene function. In this paper, we summarized research progresses of construction of viral infectious clone and its application in VOX and VIGS for 6 soybean viruses including Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), in order to provide reference for research.

To improve green high-value collaboration models in Erhai Lake Basin, Yunnan Province, optimal plucking frequency for oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape (Brassica napus L.) was detemined by using cultivar Yunyouza 15. Field experiments were conducted to investigate growth duration and agronomic traits of rape, and also comprehensive economic value of flowering stalk and grain yield under different plucking times (i.e. 0, 1, 2 times, respectively). Moreover, nutritional quality changes of rapeseed after stalk harvesting were determined. Results showed that plucking times prolonged growth process, decreased plant height, decreased branching site and first effective branches, but increased stem diameter and rebranches number, with increased effective branches and siliques. Plucking times did not affect seeds per silique, individual plant productivity (seeds per plant) and 1000-seed weight. Compared with non-plucking, plucking once or twice did not significantly affect seed yield (the theoretical and actual yields were respectively 3836-3999 kg/hm² and 3316-3717 kg/hm²); in the contrast, they significantly increased the yield of flowering stalk. Therefore, the benefit-cost ratio of Yunyouza 15 was respectively 0.48, 1.02 and 1.55 when plucking 0, 1 and 2 times. Correspondingly, its comprehensive economic value was achieved maximum with its figure of 86 369 yuan/hm² when plucking twice, greater than that of plucking once (53 171 yuan/hm²) and non-plucking (23 324 yuan/hm²). In addition, an increasing plucking time did not significantly affect the seed quality as erucic acid content, glucosinolate and oleic acid contents. It significantly altered the contents of oil, protein and linolenic acid of rapeseed. In conclusion, plucking flowering stalk twice could produce the highest comprehensive benefits when cultivating oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape in Erhai Lake Basin.

For high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation in Northwestern Liaoning, field experiments were carried out in windy sandy area of Northwestern Liaoning Province. Effects of combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were investigated on growth, nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality of peanut in windy and sandy soil in 2021 and 2022. Controlled by no fertilizer treatment, 3 treatments were designed and tested as inorganic fertilizers (N) alone, organic fertilizers (O) alone, and combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers (N+O). Plant traits included plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality of peanut. The 3 treatments as N+O, N, and O had significantly higher plant height than CK in the middle growth stage, and N+O had significantly higher plant height than CK throughout the whole growth stages. At the flowering and pod filling stages, the N+O treatment had 7.3% and 15.8% (2021), and 14.6% and 13.4% (2022) higher dry matter accumulation than the N treatment, respectively. At the pod setting and pod filling stages, the N+O treatment had 10.2% and 15.8% (2021), and 19.6% and 13.4% (2022) higher total nitrogen accumulation than the N treatment, respectively, and at the pod filling stage, the pod nitrogen accumulation of the N+O treatment was 17.4% (2021) and 16.9% (2022) higher than the N treatment, respectively. In 2021, pod yield, kernel yield, and 100 kernel mass of N+O treatment were 14.1%, 10.5% and 9.1% higher than N, respectively. In 2022, N+O treatment had 2.4% higher protein content than N treatment. In conclusion, combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers treatments increased peanut plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and total N accumulation, which ultimately increased peanut yield and improved peanut quality.

To understand the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating callus development of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), hypocotyl and young leaf of Brassica napus var. 16VHNTS309 was used as explants to construct a regeneration system of B. napus. Through observation of reactive oxygen species of O₂ ^- signal localization in callus, results showed an optimized system of young leaves and hypocotyls pre culture on MS+1 mg/L or 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D medium for 7 days, respectively. It was followed by MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L 2, 4-D+3 mg/L AgNO₃ used as the optimal medium for bud induction. Finally, MS+0.2 mg/L NAA could be used as the rooting medium to obtain good regenerated seedlings of B. napus. Results of ROS (O₂ ^-) signal localization showed that a large amount of ROS (O₂ ^-) signal was detected in callus cells, meristem cells and cells at the edge of leaves or stems, while ROS (O₂ ^-) signal was not detected around cells that had completed bud differentiation or did not form calli, which further indicated that ROS (O₂ ^-) signal played an important role in cell division.

Soybean is a cornerstone crop for China's grain and oil security strategy. The northern high-latitude cold regions of Northeast China as a vital production area, accounting for one-third of the nation's total output. However, the short frost-free period and low-temperature environment severely constrain yield improvement. This study systematically reviews the genetic basis and breeding practices of soybean variety improvement in this region, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying growth period regulation. The soybean varieties in this region belong to the early-maturity to super-early-maturity groups of northern spring soybeans, with maturity group ranges of MG0000-MG0. From 2004 to 2024, a total of 609 soybean varieties were approved in this region, including 15 high-yield varieties such as Heihe 43 and Henong 95, each achieving annual planting areas exceeding approximately 33 333.3 hectares, whose development and industrial application have significantly boosted the region's soybean production capacity. Molecular mechanism studies on latitudinal adaptation revealed that during the northward expansion of soybeans, loss-of-function variations in genes such as E1-E4 and GmPRR3a/3b reduced photoperiod sensitivity, forming a photothermal response network centered on E3/E4-GmPRR3a/3b-LHY/CCA1-E1s-Tof5-FT, which elucidates the molecular genetic basis of high-latitude adaptation. While conventional breeding techniques have achieved some breakthroughs, the mission to enhance domestic soybean productivity by improving varieties' high-latitude adaptability remains formidable. To address this, the study proposes integrating modern breeding technologies—such as CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS)—to optimize key loci governing photoperiod and temperature responses. Additionally, establishing genotype-phenotype-environment interaction models will enhance germplasm utilization strategies. These approaches will facilitate the pyramiding of early-maturing superior haplotypes and precise improvement of photothermal adaptation. The resulting broadly adaptive varieties will support soybean production expansion in northern Northeast China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Eurasian high-latitude regions, thereby advancing sustainable soybean industry development in high-latitude areas.