Response of sesame root exudates at different growing stages to continuous cropping and its autotoxicity

doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2020207

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to explore the potential allelochemicals in sesame root exudates that might cause sesame continuous cropping obstacles. Cultivar Jinhuangma was selected as material during budding, blooming and maturing stages under normal rotation (CK) and continuous cropping (CC). Sesame root exudates showed "low promotion and high inhibition" to seed germination. 18 to 28 organic compounds were identified in sesame root exudates at budding, blooming and maturing stages under CK and CC treatments. Sesame root exudates at budding and blooming stages contained esters, hydrocarbons, acids, phenols, amines, alcohols and ketones. Among them, the relative abundance of trans-(2,3-diphenylcyclopropyl)-methyl phenyl sulfoxide was the highest. Polyethers were found at maturing stage, but not at budding and blooming stages. The relative abundance of octaethyleneglycol monododecylether at maturing stage was the highest. Esters was important part in sesame root exudates, with the total relative abundance to 75.12% (CK) and 52.96% (CC) respectively at budding stage. Compared to CK, the relative abundance of diisooctyl phthalate and octaethyleneglycol monododecylether was 9.48 and 5.73 percentage points higher in root exudates of continuous cropping sesame. As the main source of allelochemicals, acidic substances had the highest content in root exudates at maturing stage. The total relative abundance of acids reached to 17.53% and 42.71% in exudates under CK and CC treatments respectively. Compared to CK, the relative abundances of palmitic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid were higher by 15.78, 1.33 and 1.15 points respectively. Both oleic acid and myristic acid were detected in root exudates of continuous cropping sesame only, with the relative abundance of 10.66 and 1.62 points respectively. Compared with CK, the relative abundance of erucamide was 21.68 and 11.51 points higher at budding and blooming stages in the continuous cropping sesame root exudate, while the corresponding oleic acid amide was 2.16 and 7.44 points higher respectively. In summary, continuous cropping changed the compounds of sesame root exudates.

Key words: sesame, continuous cropping, root exudates, allelochemical, growing stage

CLC Number:

S565.3

Feng-juan LYU, Zhi-hua ZHANG, Rui-qing WANG, Zhan-qi YUAN, Hong-xin LIN, Lin-gen WEI, Yun-ping XIAO. Response of sesame root exudates at different growing stages to continuous cropping and its autotoxicity[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2021, 43(6): 1087-1098.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Relative abundance of components in sesame root exudates at budding stage under continuous cropping

物质种类 Sort	化合物 Compound	正茬 /% Normal rotation （CK）	连作 /% Continuous cropping （CC）
酯类 Ester	反式-（2，3-二苯基环丙基）-苯亚砜甲酯 Trans-（2，3-diphenylcyclopropyl）-methyl phenyl sulfoxide	41.24	27.34
	间苯二甲酸二辛酯 Dioctylisophthalate	12.53	6.28
	邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 Diisobutyl phthalate	9.98	8.99
	邻苯二酸二异辛酯 Diisooctvl phthalate	8.85	8.87
	磷酸三乙酯 Triethyl phosphate	2.23	1.35
	棕榈酸甲酯 Methyl hexadecanoate	0.02	0.10
	亚麻酸甲酯 9，12，15-Octadecatrienoic acid	/	0.03
	环戊二烯酸-2-甲基-4-（苯基甲基）-甲基酯 2-Methyl-4-（phenylmethylene）cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester	0.25	/
	3-（苄硫基）丙烯酸甲酯 3-（Benzylthio）Methyl acrylate	0.02	/
	合计 Total	75.12	52.96
烃类 Hydrocarbon	3-甲基-3-羟甲基氧杂环丁烷 3-Methyl-3-oxetanenethanol	2.96	3.38
	1，2，3，4-四氢化苯基萘 1，2，3，4-Tetrahydro-phenylnaphthalene	2.46	1.58
	1，3-二苯丙烷 1，3-Diphenylpropane	0.69	0.40
	对二甲苯 1，4-Dimethyl-benzene	0.06	0.07
	17-三十五碳烯17-Pentatriacontene	0.44	/
	1，1'，2，2'-四氢-1，1'-二甲氧基-胡萝卜素 Dimethoxylycopene	0.21	/
	乙苯 Ethylbenzene	0.02	/
	四十四烷 Tetratetracontane	0.18	0.14
	10-二十一（碳）烯 10-Heneicosene	/	0.11
	合计 Total	7.02	5.68
酸类 Acid	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	0.82	0.21
	2-乙酸基肉桂酸 2-Acetoxycinnamic	0.13	/
	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	0.04	/
	13-二十二碳烯酸 Erucic acid	/	0.91
	甘氨脱氧胆酸一水合物 Glycodeoxycholic acid	/	0.01
	合计 Total	0.99	1.13
酚类 Phenol	2，2'-亚甲基双-（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚） 2，2'-Methylenebis （6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol）	3.88	4.55
	苯酚 phenol	3.86	3.11
	2，4-二叔丁基苯酚 2，4-Di-tert-butylphenol	4.07	2.47
	合计 Total	11.81	10.13
胺类 Amine	芥酸酰胺 Erucylamide	1.67	23.35
	油酸酰胺 Oleic acid amide	/	2.16
	四氢吩胺 CIS-1，2，3，6-Tetrahydrophthalimide	0.28	/
	十六碳酰胺 Hexadecanamide	/	0.85
	合计 Total	1.95	26.36
醇类 Acohol	24，25-二羟基维生素D3 24，25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3	0.40	0.19
	6-（甲氨基）-4，4-联苯-3-庚醇 Alpha-N-normethadol	0.09	/
	24，25-二羟胆钙化醇 Calcitriol	/	0.19
	合计 Total	0.49	0.38
酮类 Ketone	4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone	2.45	3.36
酮类 Ketone	4-苯基-1（2H）-酞嗪酮 4-Phenyl-1-（2H）-phthalazinone	0.17	/
	合计 Total	2.61	3.36

Table 1

Fig. 3

Table 2

Relative abundance of components in sesame root exudates at blooming stage under continuous cropping

物质种类 Sort	化合物 Compound	正茬 /% Normal rotation （CK）	连作 /% Continuous cropping （CC）
酯类 Ester	反式-（2，3-二苯基环丙基）-苯亚砜甲酯 Trans-（2，3-diphenylcyclopropyl）-methyl phenyl sulfoxide	20.71	18.13
	邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 Diisobutyl phthalate	1.38	0.83
	邻苯二酸二异辛酯 Diisooctvl phthalate	/	9.48
	1，6-己二异氰酸酯 1，6-Diisocyaate	1.46	/
	山嵛酸甘油酯 Glyceryl Behenate	3.06	2.28
	β-谷甾醇乙酸酯 β-Sitosterol Acetate	1.08	0.87
	惕各酸香茅酯 Citronellyltiglate	1.51	/
	亚油酸乙酯 Ethyl linoleate	0.73	/
	油酸二十烷醇酯 ArachidylOleate	/	0.83
	合计 Total	29.93	32.43
烃类 Hydrocarbon	二乙酰基二苯基甲烷 4，4'-Methylenebis（Acetophenone）	3.36	2.75
	1，3，5-三（3-甲基-3-丁烯基）苯 1，3，5-Tris（3-methyl-3-butenyl）benzene	3.44	1.12
	1-（1，2-双环丙基-2-苯乙基）苯 1-（1，2-Dicyclopropyl-2-phenylethyl）benzene	1.72	0.98
	2，6-二苯基-1，6-庚二烯 2，6-Diphenyl-1，6-heptadiene	2.71	1.38
	1，2，3，4-四氢化苯基萘 1，2，3，4-Tetrahydro-phenylnaphthalene	1.85	1.52
	二十六烷 Hexacosane	/	4.34
	二十七烷 Heptacosane	2.37	/
	二十八烷 Octacosane	5.04	/
	1，3-二苯丙烷 1，3-Diphenylpropane	0.77	/
	苄二十一烷 11-Benzylhenicosane	3.70	/
	17-三十五碳烯 17-Pentatriacontene	9.56	10.24
	四十四烷 Tetratetracontane	1.16	/
	合计 Total	35.68	22.33
酚类 Phenol	双酚A Bisphenol A	9.04	6.91
	2，2'-亚甲基双-（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚） 2，2'-Methylenebis （6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol）	4.69	/
	2，4-二叔丁基苯酚 2，4-Di-tert-butylphenol	0.99	0.72
	合计 Total	14.72	7.63
酸类 Acid	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	/	1.09
	苯基环戊酸 Phenylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid	0.86	0.62
	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	0.95	0.51
	5-苄基-4-戊烯酸 5-Phenyl-4-Pentenoic acid	/	0.69
	合计 Total	1.81	2.91
胺类 Amine	芥酸酰胺 Erucylamide	/	11.51
胺类 Amine	油酸酰胺 Oleamide	9.90	17.34
	合计 Total	9.90	28.85
酮类 ketone	2，2’4，4’，6，6’-六甲基二苯甲酮 2，2'，4，4'，6，6'-Hexamethylbenzophenone	7.06	5.28
醇类Acohol	24，25-二羟基维生素D3 24，25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3	0.90	0.58

Table 2

Fig. 4

Table 3

Table 4

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物质种类 Sort of compounds	化合物 Compound	正茬 /% Normal rotation （CK）	连作 /% Continuous cropping （CC）
酯类 Ester	辛乙烯二醇单正十二烷基酯 Octaethyleneglycol monododecylether	13.57	19.30
	n-异丁二烯基-异烟酸-十一酯 n-Isobutadiene-isonicotinic acid-undecyl ester	14.65	/
	乙二醇月桂酸酯 Ethylene glycol monododecyl ether	1.93	/
	10，13-十八碳二炔酸甲酯 10，13-Octadecadiynoic acid methyl ester	/	1.88
	苯甲酸苄酯Benzyl benzoate	/	1.95
	合计 Total	30.15	23.13
酸类 Acid	棕榈酸Palmitic acid	6.01	21.79
	硬脂酸Stearic acid	3.17	4.32
	油酸 Oleic acid	/	10.66
	亚油酸Linoleic acid	2.99	4.32
	反式-13-十八碳烯酸Trans-13-octadecenoic acid	5.36	/
	肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid	/	1.62
	合计 Total	17.53	42.71
醇类 Acohol	二丙酮醇Diacetone alcohol	10.58	0.93
	七聚乙二醇Heptaethyleneglycol	0.43	0.41
	十二醇Lauryl alcohol	3.43	/
	十六醇Hexadecanol	1.26	/
	3-十二烷醇Triethylene glycol monododecyl ether	1.71	/
	喇叭茶醇Palustrol	/	0.69
	醋酸豆甾醇StigMasterol 3-Acetate	/	0.47
	合计 Total	17.41	2.50
醚类 Ether	18-冠醚-6 18-Crown-6	1.28	9.67
	十二烷基七聚乙二醇醚Dodecylheptaglycol	0.66	6.03
	12-冠醚-4 12-Crown-4	6.07	/
	十二烷基二乙二醇醚 2-［2-（dodecyloxy）ethoxy］- Ethanol	2.76	/
	乙二醇单丁醚Ethylene glycol monobutylethe	0.87	/
	合计 Total	11.64	15.70
胺类 Amine	N，N-二乙基乙酰胺 N，N-Diethyl-acetamide	19.69	1.87
	三癸胺Tri-N-Decylamine	2.72	/
	合计 Total	22.41	1.87
酮类 ketone	3-己烯-2-酮 3-Hexen-2-tone	0.86	/
	5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮（AMOZ） 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone	/	10.57
	合计 Total	0.86	10.57
烃类 Hydrocarbon	17-三十五碳烯17-Pentatriacontene	/	3.11
烃类 Hydrocarbon	合计 Total	/	3.11
酚类 Phenol	2-十二烷基酚 2-Dodecylphenol	/	0.41
酚类 Phenol	合计 Total	/	0.41

处理 Treat.	发芽率 Germination percentage		鲜重 Fresh weight		芽长 Shoot length		根长 Root length		根长/芽长 Root length/Shoot length		综合化感指数 SE /%
处理 Treat.	数值 Value /%	化感指数 RI /%	数值 Value /mg	化感指数 RI /%	数值 Value /cm	化感指数 RI /%	数值 Value /cm	化感指数 RI /%	数值 Value /cm	化感指数 RI /%	综合化感指数 SE /%
RE₀	65.2b	/	29.35a	/	2.83ab	/	2.73a	/	0.96a	/	/
RE_1/5	81.3a	19.80	29.92a	1.91	3.07a	7.82	2.74a	0.37	0.89b	-7.29	4.52
RE_1/4	50.2c	-23.01	26.17b	-10.84	2.68b	-5.30	2.27b	-16.85	0.85b	-11.46	-13.49
RE_1/3	48.7c	-25.31	25.98b	-11.48	2.57bc	-9.19	2.20b	-19.41	0.86b	-10.42	-15.16
RE_1/2	47.7c	-26.84	25.72b	-12.37	2.45c	-13.43	2.11bc	-22.71	0.86b	-10.42	-17.15
RE₁	31.3d	-51.99	25.58b	-12.85	2.51bc	-11.31	1.90c	-30.40	0.76c	-20.83	-25.48

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