Effects of popping pretreatment on the quality and volatile flavor components of three types of rapeseed oil

doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2021122

Abstract

Abstract:

Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea rapeseeds were used as raw materials, the changes of quality and volatile flavor components of rapeseed oil after popping pretreatment were investigated. The results showed that the acid values and peroxide values of the three types of rapeseed oil were significantly increased （P<0.05） by 0.25, 0.49, 0.39 mg KOH/g and 0.20, 0.18, 0.18 mmol/kg, respectively, within the limits of Codex standard. The oxidation induction time of three types of rapeseed oil were significantly increased （P<0.05） by 17.32, 10.06 and 13.99 h, respectively. Popping pretreatment had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of the three types of rapeseed oil. After popping pretreatment, the contents of sulfur compound such as phenylacetonitrile, 3-methylcradonitrile and 5-hexenitrile, the kinds and contents of heterocyclic substances and oxidative volatiles in the three types of rapeseed oils were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Pyrazines and aldehydes were the main components in heterocyclic substances and oxidative volatiles, respectively.

Key words: popping, rapeseed oil, quality, volatile flavor components

CLC Number:

TS224.3

Wei-jun WANG, Chang ZHENG, Bo YANG, Qi ZHOU, Chang-sheng LIU, Huang-xiang LI. Effects of popping pretreatment on the quality and volatile flavor components of three types of rapeseed oil[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2022, 44(3): 659-666.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of popping pretreatment on heterocyclic substances of three types of rapeseed oil

杂环类物质Heterocyclic substances	相对含量Relative contents/%
杂环类物质Heterocyclic substances	Bn	BnP	Br	BrP	Bj	BjP
吡嗪类Pyrazines
吡嗪Pyrazine	ND	0.58±0.02a	ND	0.23±0.03b	ND	0.19±0.01b
2-甲基吡嗪2-Methylpyrazine	ND	2.04±0.04a	ND	1.24±0.04b	0.06±0.00c	1.27±0.03b
乙基吡嗪Ethyl pyrazine	ND	ND	ND	0.15±0.00a	ND	0.19±0.01b
2，5-二甲基吡嗪2， 5-Dimethylpyrazine	0.11±0.00a	1.77±0.07b	0.24±0.02a	1.24±0.05c	0.14±0.00a	0.95±0.05d
2，6-二甲基吡嗪2， 6-Dimethylpyrazine	0.07±0.01a	0.88±0.02b	ND	0.60±0.01c	ND	0.59±0.01c
2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪2-Ethyl-6-methyl pyrazine	ND	0.11±0.01bc	0.03±0.00a	0.10±0.00b	ND	0.13±0.01c
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪2-Ethyl-5-methyl pyrazine	0.03±0.00a	0.14±0.01b	ND	0.11±0.00b	ND	0.10±0.02b
2-乙酰基吡嗪2-Acetylpyrazine	ND	0.05±0.01a	ND	0.08±0.01ab	0.01±0.00c	0.11±0.01b
呋喃类Furans
2-乙酰基呋喃2-Acetylfuran	ND	0.19±0.01a	ND	0.29±0.01b	0.06±0.00c	0.67±0.02d
呋喃酮Furan ketone	ND	0.25±0.02a	ND	0.17±0.01a	ND	0.43±0.03b
5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇5-Methyl-2-furanolanol	ND	0.18±0.01a	ND	0.43±0.03b	ND	0.27±0.03a
5-甲基呋喃醛5-Methylfuran aldehyde	ND	0.58±0.02a	ND	0.90±0.01b	ND	2.54±0.04c
噻唑类Thiazoles
4-甲基噻唑4-Methylthiazole	ND	ND	ND	0.07±0.00a	ND	0.09±0.01a
4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻 4-Methyl-5-hydroxyethylthiazole	ND	0.01±0.00a	ND	0.01±0.00a	ND	0.01±0.00a
2-乙酰基噻唑2-Acetylthiazole	ND	0.08±0.01a	ND	0.08±0.01a	ND	0.12±0.01b
噻吩类Thiophenes
噻吩Thiophene	ND	0.06±0.01a	ND	0.05±0.01a	ND	0.04±0.01a
2-噻吩甲醇2-Thiophenyl methyl alcohol	ND	0.02±0.00a	ND	0.10±0.01b	ND	0.13±0.01b
吡咯类Pyrroles
2-乙酰基吡咯Ethanone，1-（1H- pyrrol-2-yl）-	ND	0.05±0.00a	ND	0.07±0.00b	0.01±0.00c	0.09±0.01d
2-吡咯甲醛2-Pyrroformaldehyde	ND	0.09±0.01a	ND	0.09±0.01a	0.02±0.00b	0.17±0.01c
吲哚类Indoles
吲哚Indole	ND	0.03±0.01a	ND	0.02±0.00a	ND	0.01±0.00a
吡喃类Pyrans
2，3-二氢-3，5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮 4H-Pyran-4-one，2，3-dihydro-3，5-dihydroxy-6-nethyl-	ND	0.58±0.02a	ND	0.73±0.03b	ND	1.91±0.01c

Table 3

Table 4

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脂肪酸Fatty acid/%	Bn	BnP	Br	BrP	Bj	BjP
棕榈酸Palmitate acid C16：0	3.84±0.00a	3.82±0.01a	2.34±0.02b	2.34±0.01b	2.46±0.00c	2.50±0.00c
硬脂酸Stearic acid C18：0	1.65±0.01a	1.65±0.00a	0.71±0.00b	0.71±0.00b	0.75±0.00c	0.77±0.00d
油酸Oleic acid C18：1	65.78±0.01a	65.62±0.00a	18.46±0.12b	17.82±0.04c	9.35±0.01d	11.64±0.01e
亚油酸Linoleic acid C18：2	18.55±0.03a	18.63±0.04a	13.41±0.10b	13.41±0.03b	14.96±0.09c	15.10±0.02c
亚麻酸Linolenic acid C18：3	7.71±0.01a	7.76±0.02a	7.77±0.05a	7.72±0.02a	10.96±0.02b	10.63±0.01c
二十碳-9-烯酸Eicosa-9-enoic acid C20：1	1.83±0.03a	1.82±0.01a	9.53±0.10b	9.56±0.01b	6.02±0.01c	6.81±0.01d
花生二烯酸Arachidic dienoic acid C20：2	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.55±0.00a	ND
芥酸Erucic acid C22：1	0.64±0.00a	0.71±0.00a	46.54±0.03b	47.33±0.09c	52.38±0.03d	50.10±0.02e
二十二碳二烯酸Docosadienoic acid C22：2	ND	ND	0.44±0.16a	0.26±0.01a	1.15±0.05b	1.06±0.04b
木焦油酸Tetracosanoic acid C24：0	ND	ND	0.79±0.01a	0.84±0.02a	1.42±0.00b	1.39±0.02b
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids	5.48±0.01a	5.47±0.01a	3.85±0.05b	3.90±0.00b	4.63±0.01c	4.66±0.01c
单不饱和脂肪酸Monounsaturated fatty acids	68.26±0.01a	68.15±0.02b	74.53±0.01c	74.71±0.04d	67.76±0.02e	68.55±0.02f
多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acids	26.26±0.02a	26.38±0.01b	21.62±0.04c	21.39±0.05d	27.61±0.02e	26.79±0.01f
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acids	94.52±0.01a	94.53±0.01a	96.15±0.10b	96.10±0.01b	95.37±0.01c	95.34±0.02c

含硫化合物sulfur compounds	相对含量Relative contents/%
含硫化合物sulfur compounds	Bn	BnP	Br	BrP	Bj	BjP
硫化物sulfides
二甲基二硫Dimethyl disulfide	0.02±0.01a	0.11±0.01c	ND	0.07±0.01b	0.02±0.01a	0.07±0.01b
二甲基三硫Dimethyl trisulfide	ND	0.06±0.01a	ND	0.06±0.01a	ND	0.06±0.01a
二甲基亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide	0.68±0.01b	ND	0.58±0.02a	ND	0.56±0.01a	ND
二甲基砜Dimethyl sulfone	0.11±0.02b	0.06±0.00a	0.22±0.02c	0.06±0.00a	0.08±0.00ab	0.04±0.00a
硫甙降解产物Glucosinolate degradation products
苯乙腈phenylacetonitrile	0.01±0.00a	0.10±0.02b	0.02±0.00a	0.11±0.02b	0.02±0.00a	0.10±0.01b
3-甲基巴豆腈3-methylcrotonitrile	0.05±0.01a	13.13±2.03c	0.64±0.04a	31.39±3.30d	4.88±0.11ab	9.24±0.11bc
3-戊烯腈3-pentene nitrile	ND	ND	ND	0.68±0.04a	ND	0.20±0.02b
5-己烯腈5-hexene nitrile	0.35±0.03a	4.60±0.10b	0.27±0.01a	17.32±2.22c	0.97±0.02a	2.22±0.02ab
正庚腈N-heptanoic nitrile	ND	0.09±0.01a	ND	0.35±0.02b	ND	0.04±0.01a
3-苯基丙腈3-phenylpropionitrile	0.06±0.01a	0.72±0.02b	0.14±0.02a	3.94±0.10d	1.25±0.02c	1.38±0.05c
5-甲硫基戊腈5-methylthiopentonitrile	0.04±0.01a	0.37±0.02c	0.08±0.00ab	0.48±0.02d	0.08±0.00ab	0.11±0.01b
6-甲硫基己腈6-methylthiohexanitrile	0.02±0.00a	0.16±0.01b	0.02±0.00a	0.75±0.02c	0.16±0.01b	0.14±0.01b
异硫氰酸烯丙酯Allyl isothiocyanate	ND	ND	ND	ND	1.33±0.05a	1.05±0.02b
3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯3-butenyl isothiocyanate	ND	ND	0.15±0.02a	2.28±0.08b	ND	1.18±0.08c

氧化挥发物Oxidative volatiles	相对含量Relative contents/%
氧化挥发物Oxidative volatiles	Bn	BnP	Br	BrP	Bj	BjP
醛类Aldehydes
己醛Hexanal	0.41±0.03c	0.14±0.02d	0.07±0.01b	0.01±0.00a	0.04±0.00ab	0.01±0.00a
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	0.03±0.00a	0.10±0.01c	0.03±0.00a	0.08±0.01bc	0.03±0.00a	0.07±0.01b
苯乙醛Phenylacetaldehyde	ND	0.10±0.00a	ND	ND	ND	0.13±0.01a
糠醛Furfural	ND	1.45±0.05a	ND	1.49±0.01a	ND	3.79±0.01b
壬醛Nonanal	0.46±0.01a	0.12±0.01b	0.13±0.01b	0.07±0.00c	0.07±0.00c	ND
5-羟甲基糠醛5-hydroxymethylfurfural	ND	0.02±0.00a	ND	0.02±0.00a	ND	0.22±0.03b
烯类Alkenes
D-柠檬烯D-Limonene	0.04±0.00a	0.05±0.01a	0.04±0.01a	0.05±0.01a	0.03±0.00a	0.05±0.01a
酸类Acids
乙酸Acetic acid	0.95±0.05b	3.55±0.15c	0.52±0.02a	0.66±0.02a	1.79±0.05d	2.17±0.07e
酯类Esters
丁内酯Butyrolactone	0.27±0.03b	0.57±0.04a	0.17±0.01b	0.18±0.01b	0.22±0.03b	0.23±0.03b
醇类Alcohols
糠醇Furfuryl alcohol	ND	1.29±0.01a	ND	0.62±0.02b	ND	1.42±0.02c
苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol	0.03±0.00a	0.05±0.01a	0.04±0.00a	0.03±0.00a	0.04±0.00a	0.05±0.01a
1-戊醇1-amyl alcohol	0.35±0.02a	0.09±0.01b	0.06±0.01bc	ND	0.03±0.00c	ND
4-萜烯醇4-terpenol	0.06±0.01a	ND	0.03±0.00b	ND	0.02±0.00b	ND
2-甲基-6-庚烯-1-醇 2-methyl-6-heptene-1-alcohol	ND	ND	0.76±0.04a	ND	0.52±0.02b	0.10±0.01c
酮类Ketones
甲基环戊烯醇酮Methyl Cyclopentenolone	ND	0.05±0.01a	ND	0.04±0.00a	ND	0.12±0.00b
4-环戊烯-1，3-二酮4-cyclopentene-1，3-dione	ND	0.06±0.01a	ND	0.07±0.01a	ND	0.25±0.00b
甲基庚烯酮Methylheptenone	0.13±0.00b	ND	0.15±0.01b	ND	0.10±0.00a	ND
酚类Phenolics
2-甲氧基-4-乙烯苯酚2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol	ND	0.25±0.01a	0.01±0.00b	0.03±0.00c	0.01±0.00b	0.04±0.00c
4-乙烯基-2，6-二甲氧基-苯酚4-vinyl-2，6-dimethoxy-phenol	0.23±0.00b	2.46±0.06d	0.11±0.01a	0.33±0.01c	0.08±0.01a	0.38±0.01c

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