Abstract:

In order to guide the breeding and promotion of new varieties with high yield and good quality of vegetable summer soybean, the data of 13 years of national regional trials of vegetable summer soybean from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed, and the evolution laws of 14 important agronomic traits of vegetable summer soybean varieties were studied. The results showed that 8 vegetable summer soybean varieties passed the national regional test and declared for national approval. The variation coefficient of 14 agronomic traits ranged from 6.75% to 38.67%. The variation coefficient of grade A taste quality rate was the largest, while the variation coefficient of standard pod width was the smallest. The average yield of fresh pod of the tested varieties was 10 468.9 kg?hm^-2, which was 1.7% lower than that of control. As the year progressed, fresh pod yield was improved, while fresh pod harvested days had a downturn, as well as plant height, nodes on main stem, effective branches per plant, effective fresh pods per plant, there has a downturn. Multiple seed pod rate and fresh pod weight per plant had rising trend. 100 fresh seeds weight, standard pod length and width, standard pod rate and grade A taste quality rate were improved gradually. Correlation analysis showed that fresh pod yield was significantly positively correlated with multiple seed pod rate, fresh pod weight per plant, 100 fresh seeds weight, standard pod length and width, standard pod rate. Grade A taste quality rate was significantly positively correlated with 100 fresh seeds weight, standard pod length and width. Principal component analysis showed that the main factors that affect the vegetable summer soybean traits variation are fresh pod length and width, number of pod, pod rate and plant factor. In the vegetable summer soybean breeding process should pay attention to choose the varieties which have the traits of fresh pods with more seeds and length, pod big and fresh seeds big to making cross combinations, can improve the vegetable summer soybean fresh pod yield and taste quality.

Key words: vegetable summer soybean, national regienal test, agronomic trait, yield, quality, evolution