CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1148-1158.doi: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2021293
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Fei DAI1(), Wu-yun ZHAO1(
), Rui-jie SHI1, Yi-ming ZHAO1, Feng-wei ZHANG1, Xiao-long LIU1, Shi-lin ZHANG2
Received:
2021-11-16
Online:
2022-12-25
Published:
2022-11-24
Contact:
Wu-yun ZHAO
E-mail:daifei@gsau.edu.cn;zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Fei DAI, Wu-yun ZHAO, Rui-jie SHI, Yi-ming ZHAO, Feng-wei ZHANG, Xiao-long LIU, Shi-lin ZHANG. Research progress analysis of key technology and equipment for mechanized harvest of flax[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2022, 44(6): 1148-1158.
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URL: http://www.jouroilcrops.cn/EN/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2021293
Table 1
Domestic and foreign flax production research institutions
研究机构 Research institution | 机构简介 Institution background |
---|---|
![]() | 萨斯喀彻温省亚麻发展委员会,成立于1996年,从事投资亚麻生产和增值相关研究,通过沟通和进行市场推广活动,以进一步发展加拿大亚麻行业 Saskatchewan Flax Development Council, established in 1996, focused on invests in flax production and value-added research to further develop the Canadian flax industry through communication and marketing activities |
![]() | 加拿大亚麻协会,成立于1986年,是一个全国性组织,在国内和国际市场上促进加拿大亚麻产业发展,扩展其产品的营养与工业用途 Canadian Flax Association, established in 1986, a national organization that promotes the development of the Canadian flax industry and expands the nutritional and industrial uses of its products in the national and international markets |
![]() | 美国亚麻研究协会,成立于1930年,由美国北达科他州油料理事会赞助,从事增加美国种植亚麻及其副产品在国内外市场的使用和销售 American Flax Research Association, established in 1930 under the auspices of the North Dakota Oil Council, engaged in increasing the use and sale of American grown flax and its by-products in domestic and international markets |
![]() | 中国特色油料产业技术体系,成立于2007年,由中国农业农村部、财政部支持,开展胡麻作物生产机械化、水肥调控与病草害防控等相关研究 Characteristics Oil of China Agriculture Research System, established in 2007, supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, carries out research on mechanization of flax crop production, regulation of water and fertilizer and prevention and control of disease and grass damage |
Table 2
Typical equipment of domestic flax threshing material separation and cleaning
名称 Name | 总体结构 Overall structure | 技术特点 Technical feature |
---|---|---|
全喂入式胡麻脱粒初清机 Full feed type flax threshing and cleaning machine | ![]() | 兼有胡麻脱粒和分离初清选两种功能,待胡麻脱粒物料产生后,物料内轻杂通过左端吸杂风机初步排出,短茎秆和未脱粒胡麻蒴果通过下端倾斜筛分离,含杂率相对较高 Both functions of flax threshing and initial separation. After flax threshing material is produced, light impurities are discharged through the left end of impurity suction fan, short stem and unthreshed capsule are separated through the lower end of the inclined screen. The impurity rate is relatively high |
气流式胡麻脱粒物料分离清选机[ Air-flowing type of separating and cleaning machine for flax threshing material | ![]() | 具有胡麻脱粒物料分离清选功能,通过控制喂料器振动频率与吸杂风机转速,利用脱粒物料各组分悬浮速度间差异,完成胡麻脱粒物料分离清选作业,含杂率适中,短茎秆易混杂 Having the function of separating and sorting flax threshing materials. By controlling the vibration frequency of feeder and the speed of suction fan, by using the difference of the suspension speed between the components, separation and cleaning operation can be ompleted. The impurity rate is moderate, short stem is easy to mix |
含杂胡麻籽复清机 Containing impurities flax seed cleaning machine | ![]() | 具有胡麻脱粒物料分离清选功能,采用气流初清选与两级往复筛相结合,应用风筛选复合作业原理,完成胡麻脱粒物料分离清选作业,含杂率较低,结构相对复杂,易滞种 Having the function of separating and sorting flax threshing materials. The separation of flax threshing materials is completed by using the combination of air flow primary cleaning and two-stage reciprocating screen, by combined operation principle of air screening. The structure is relatively complex, seeds are easy to strand |
双风道风筛式胡麻脱粒物料分离清选机[ Double duct system of air-screen separating and cleaning machine for flax threshing material | ![]() | 具有胡麻脱粒物料分离清选功能,采用前、后双风道与自清三级筛箱相结合,应用风筛选复合作业原理,完成胡麻脱粒物料有序分级分离清选作业,含杂率低,不易滞种 Having the function of separating and sorting flax threshing materials. With the combination of front-and-back double air channels and self-cleaning three-stage screen box. Principle of air-screening compound operation is applied with orderly classification, separation and cleanings. The impurity rate is low, but seeds are not easily stranded |
Table 3
Studies on material property of flax and its components in suitable harvest period
研究 Research | 相关模型 Correlation model | 结论 Conclusions |
---|---|---|
胡麻脱出物组分分析与离散元模型建立[ Different components of flax threshing materials and the discrete element modeling | ![]() | 对胡麻脱出物组分进行分析,主要包含有胡麻籽粒、蒴果壳、蒴果、短茎秆及轻质杂物5种,每种物料形状各不相同,在EDEM中采用多球面颗粒填充法来拟合不同物料的形状 Based on the components of flax threshing materials, the simulation analysis includes 5 kinds of materials, which are flax seeds, capsule shells, capsules, short stalks and tiny impurities, with different shapes. Polyspherical particle filling method is adopted in EDEM to fit the shapes of different materials |
胡麻籽粒离散元仿真参数标定[ Calibration of simulation parameters of flax seeds using discrete element method | ![]() | 测定定亚22号胡麻籽粒形成的堆积角值在23°~25°之间;陇亚10号胡麻籽粒形成的堆积角值在21°~23°之间;陇亚13号胡麻籽粒形成的堆积角值在22°~24°之间 Accumulative angles: Dingya 22 (23°-25°), Longya 10 (21°-23°), Longya 10 (22°-24°) |
胡麻脱出物堆积角测定与仿真[ Measurement and simulation angle of accumulation of flax threshing material | ![]() | 胡麻脱出物堆积角测定为46.2°,采用离散元法所建立的胡麻脱出物仿真堆积角为45.6° Accumulation angle of threshing material is determined to be 46.2°; simulated accumulation angle of threshing materialis 45.6°(established by discrete element method) |
胡麻脱出物滑动摩擦角测定与仿真[ Sliding friction angle simulation of flax threshing material | ![]() | 胡麻脱出物与不锈钢的滑动摩擦角测定为29.2°,用离散元法所建立的胡麻脱出物与不锈钢仿真滑动摩擦角为28.8° Sliding friction angle between flax threshing material and stainless steel is determined as 29.2°; sliding friction angle between flax threshing material and stainless steel is 28.8°(established by discrete element method) |
胡麻脱出物悬浮速度测定与仿真[ Measurement and simulation of the suspension velocity of flax threshing material | ![]() | 胡麻籽粒悬浮速度为4.55 m/s~8.64 m/s,胡麻蒴果悬浮速度为6.46 m/s~10.90 m/s,胡麻短茎秆悬浮速度为3.23 m/s~7.75 m/s,胡麻蒴果壳体悬浮速度为1.06 m/s~4.21 m/s Suspension velocity range is 4.55-8.64 m/s for grains, 6.46~10.90 m/s for capsules, 3.23-7.75 m/s for short stalks, and 1.06-4.21 m/s for capsule shells |
Table 4
Typical equipment of domestic special flax combined harvester
名称 Name | 总体结构 Overall structure | 技术特点 Technical feature |
---|---|---|
自走式胡麻联合收获机(轮式)[ Self-propelled flax combine harvester (Wheel type) | ![]() | 能够一次性完成胡麻切割、脱粒、清选等一体化作业工序。主要由防缠绕收获割台、切流-横轴流组合脱粒分离装置和脱粒物料清选装置组成。籽粒总损失率为2.26%、籽粒含杂率为1.82%,籽粒破碎率为0.98%,防缠绕合格率为100%,在机械化收获过程中割台无胡麻茎秆挂接与缠绕,排出胡麻茎秆夹带损失小,机收后割茬分布均匀。 Expected to complete integrated working procedure of flax cutting, threshing and cleaning; Mainly composed of anti-wind header, combined threshing-separating device of flax shear flow-transverse axial flow, flax threshing material cleaning device. The total grain loss rate is 2.26%, grain impurity rate is 1.82%, grain breakage rate is 0.98%, and qualified rate of anti-wind is 100%. In the innovated process of mechanized harvesting, no stem hanging or entwining is found on the cutting header, the drift loss of flax stem is lower, the stubble distribution turns uniform |
自走式胡麻联合收获机(履带式) Self-propelled flax combine harvester (Crawler type) | ![]() | 能够一次性完成胡麻切割、脱粒、清选等一体化作业工序。主要由防倒伏割台、纹杆+杆齿组合式纵轴流脱粒滚筒、组合式窄栅格凹板、360°转向行走系统等装置组成。籽粒总损失率2.13%,籽粒破损率0.85%、含杂率2.56%,机具工作平稳,作业性能指标符合胡麻机械化收获标准。 Expected to completedly integrate working procedure of cutting, threshing and cleaning; Mainly composes of header to prevent lodging, striated rod-rod tooth + longitudinal axial flow threshing beater, narrow-grid concave plates, 360° steering and walking system; The total grain loss rate is 2.13%, grain breakage rate is 0.85%, grain impurity rate is 2.56%; Work stably; Performance indexes meet the standard of mechanized flax harvesting |
丘陵山地胡麻联合收获机(履带式)[ Hilly and mountaineous flax combine harvester (Crawler type) | ![]() | 能够一次性完成胡麻切割、脱粒、清选等一体化作业工序。主要由防缠绕低损割台、纹杆+杆齿组合式小锥度横轴流脱粒滚筒、组合式窄栅格凹板等装置组成。籽粒总损失率2.36%,籽粒破损率0.18%、含杂率3.61%,机具工作平稳,作业性能指标符合胡麻机械化收获标准。 Expected to completedly integrate working procedure of cutting, threshing and cleaning; Mainly composes of low damage header to prevent winding, transverse-flow beater with grain rod and rod teeth with small taper, narrow-grid concave plates; The total grain loss rate is 2.36%, grain breakage rate is 0.18%, grain impurity rate is 3.61%. Work stably; Performance indexes meet the standard of mechanized flax harvesting |
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