Grey correlation analysis of nutrient accumulation characteristics and yield traits of winter rapeseed in North China

doi:10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2021317

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve nutrient utilization of winter rape in cold and arid areas of North China, agronomic traits (dry matter, nutrient accumulation and yield traits) of different winter rape varieties were investigated by using 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa L. and B. napus. Results showed that the yield traits of B. napus were significantly better than those of B. rapa. Plant height, branch height, siliques on main inflorescence, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, 1000-grain weight, plant yield and plot yield of B. napus were 12.41%, 108.11%, 56.21%, 66.91%, 5.71%, 70.79%, 103.55% and 103.87% higher than those of B. rapa, respectively. The average dry matter yield per plant of B. napus was 67.693 g, which was 191.613% of B. rapa. The nitrogen and phosphorus content per plant of B. rapa were 2.481% and 29.423% higher than B. napus. But the potassium content per plant of B. rapa was 34.826% lower. Because the higher dry matter yield of B. napus in the same ecological area, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in B. napus was significantly higher than that of B. rapa （N 84.647%, P 50.000%, and K 158.616%）. The trend of total nutrient accumulation in winter type rapeseed was K > N > P, and N and P were mainly accumulated in grains; K was mainly accumulated in stems and silique shell. For every 100 kg grain, B. napus needs 6.554 kg N, 0.463 kg P and 14.612 kg K; whilst B. rapa needs 7.143 kg N, 0.572 kg P and 10.467 kg K. The utilization efficiency of N and P in B. napus was higher than in B. rapa, and demand for K was larger.

Key words: winter rapeseed, Brassica rapa L., Brassica napus L., dry matter accumulation, nutrient accumulation, yield traits

CLC Number:

S565.4

Ming-chuan ZHU, Jun-yan WU, Li MA, Shi-qian GUO, Xiao-ru CUI, Xiu-cun ZENG, Li-jun LIU, Yuan-yuan PU, Xue-cai LI, Wan-cang SUN. Grey correlation analysis of nutrient accumulation characteristics and yield traits of winter rapeseed in North China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2023, 45(1): 72-82.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Comparison of the yield traits of different winter type B. rapa and B. napus varieties

类型 Type	品种 Varieties	产量性状 Yield traits
类型 Type	品种 Varieties	株高 Plant height /cm	分枝高度 Branch height /cm	一次分枝数 Number of primary branches	二次分枝数 Number of secondary branches	主花序长度 Branch height /cm	主花序角果数 Siliques on main inflorescence	单株角果数 Siliques per plant	角粒数 Seeds per silique	千粒重 1000 seed weight /g	单株产量 Plant yield /g	小区产量 Plot yield /kg
B. rapa	16QD15	115.50±0.50de	8.95±0.15cd	12.50±1.50ab	9.00±0.00a	41.50±1.50bcd	35.00±1.00cd	167.00±3.00cd	18.50±1.50cde	2.34±0.18d	4.55±0.22d	2.56±0.22e
	冬油8号	112.50±0.50e	31.50±3.50b	8.00±1.00cd	3.50±0.50bc	43.00±4.00abc	38.50±0.50c	135.50±23.50d	22.50±0.50ab	2.62±0.10cd	9.52±0.54b	2.98±0.24de
	H614	126.50±0.50bc	27.00±2.00b	8.00±0.00cd	4.50±0.50b	48.00±5.00ab	29.50±0.50d	170.00±11.00cd	19.00±1.00bcde	2.50±0.02cd	6.69±1.31bcd	4.57±0.26c
	16RTS309	121.50±3.50cd	15.75±1.25c	8.00±0.00cd	1.00±1.00ef	32.50±1.50cd	20.00±3.00e	134.50±9.50d	13.50±0.50f	2.92±0.00c	6.22±0.50cd	3.12±0.29de
	2019HNL7-3	119.00±4.00cde	10.00±3.00cd	11.50±0.50abc	3.00±0.00cd	52.50±0.50a	40.50±1.50c	160.00±3.00cd	17.50±0.50de	2.66±0.02cd	5.33±0.45d	2.18±0.11e
	2019HN12PZ16-239	116.00±1.00de	4.50±0.50d	6.50±0.50d	3.50±0.50bc	47.50±0.50ab	37.50±0.50c	229.50±32.50bc	23.50±0.50a	2.84±0.00c	6.51±0.60cd	3.21±0.63de
	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	118.50±1.67	16.28±1.73	9.08±0.58	4.08±0.42	44.17±2.17	33.50±1.17	166.08±13.75	19.08±0.75	2.67±0.05	6.47±0.60	3.10±0.04de
	变异系数 CV /%	4.47	64.46	26.33	63.91	16.32	10.12	22.80	22.17	8.40	27.36	29.41
B. napus	2019GL-QAU-22	131.00±1.00ab	54.25±0.75a	9.50±0.50bcd	0.00±0.00f	37.00±7.00bcd	46.50±0.50b	198.00±6.00cd	19.50±0.50bcde	4.60±0.04ab	15.57±0.94a	4.05±0.07cd
	2019GL-QAU-39	135.00±4.00a	26.50±1.50b	12.50±2.50ab	2.50±0.50cd	32.50±0.50cd	54.5±0.50a	338.50±50.50a	16.50±0.50ef	4.32±0.04b	14.32±1.46a	6.87±0.7ab
	2019GL-QAU-199	133.50±0.50ab	35.50±1.50b	11.00±1.00abc	0.50±0.50f	31.50±0.50d	46.50±2.50b	229.50±24.50bc	21.50±1.50abc	4.68±0.24ab	15.01±0.77a	7.47±0.45ab
	2019低1-6	135.50±2.50a	29.5±7.50b	11.00±1.00abc	0.00±0.00f	34.50±2.50cd	57.00±3.00a	238.50±2.50bc	22.00±1.00abc	4.98±0.22a	8.45±0.15bc	8.07±0.07a
	2019低2-13	132.50±1.50ab	30.00±7.00b	11.00±2.00abc	0.00±0.00f	39.00±5.00bcd	52.50±2.50a	305.50±44.50ab	21.00±0.00abcd	4.36±0.08b	8.85±1.51b	7.20±0.37ab
	2019QL-GAU-196	131.75±3.25ab	27.5±0.50b	14.50±0.50a	2.00±0.00de	35.00±1.00cd	57.00±2.00a	353.50±8.50a	20.50±2.50abcd	4.43±0.19b	16.82±0.14a	4.25±0.73cd
	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	133.21±2.13	33.88±3.13	11.58±1.25	0.83±0.17	34.92±2.75	52.33±1.83	277.20±22.75	20.17±1.00	4.56±0.14	13.17±0.83	6.32±0.340b
	变异系数 CV /%	3.72	32.28	19.29	40.80	13.40	9.81	16.65	9.72	6.33	27.22	26.19

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of organs dry matter accumulation of different winter type B. rapa and B. napus varieties

类型 Type	品种 Varieties	器官 Organs						干物质产量g/株 Dry matter yield g /plant	收获指数 /% Harvest index
类型 Type	品种 Varieties	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	花 Flower	籽粒 Seed	果壳 Silique shell	干物质产量g/株 Dry matter yield g /plant	收获指数 /% Harvest index
B. rapa	16QD15	3.010±0.470bcd	9.300±1.240e	6.176±0.116cd	0.698±0.013e	5.330±0.450d	5.025±0.735f	29.540±0.400d	0.255±0.025bc
	冬油8号 Dongyou 8	1.725±0.225d	9.300±1.310e	5.192±0.367d	0.587±0.04e	6.215±0.495cd	6.560±1.500ef	29.580±3.490d	0.290±0.020abc
	H614	1.800±0.150d	12.380±1.910de	5.192±0.869d	0.587±0.098e	9.515±0.535b	12.225±1.95d	41.700±2.520d	0.315±0.005ab
	16RTS309	3.245±0.125bcd	13.525±0.995cde	8.859±1.255bc	1.00±0.142de	6.510±0.600cd	8.470±0.000e	42.610±0.070d	0.205±0.025cd
	2019HNL7-3	1.900±0.690cd	15.230±0.850bcde	6.446±0.116cd	0.729±0.013e	4.550±0.220d	8.545±0.095e	37.400±1.790d	0.145±0.005d
	2019HN12PZ16-239	1.715±0.065d	8.880±0.250e	6.562±0.425cd	0.742±0.48e	6.685±1.305bcd	7.555±0.745ef	32.140±1.390d	0.285±0.055abc
	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	2.233±0.261	11.436±0.990	6.404±0.501	0.724±0.057	6.468±0.632	8.063±0.905	35.328±1.610	0.249±0.026
B. napus	2019GL-QAU-22	4.175±0.995ab	16.805±3.565abcd	9.206±0.097bc	1.685±0.010bc	8.445±0.145bc	15.775±0.905bc	56.092±5.717c	0.195±0.015cd
	2019GL-QAU-39	5.410±1.050a	19.865±4.465abc	13.066±1.949a	2.399±0.358a	14.315±1.455a	25.930±1.790a	80.985±11.067ab	0.235±0.005ab
	2019GL-QAU-199	4.505±0.325ab	21.140±1.340ab	7.643±0.232cd	1.404±0.043cd	15.565±0.935a	18.155±0.225b	68.411±1.451bc	0.325±0.015ab
	2019低1-6 2019 Di 1-6	4.610±0.190ab	23.085±1.735a	13.645±0.328a	2.505±0.060a	16.820±0.140a	22.960±0.140a	83.626±1.8175a	0.270±0.000abc
	2019低2-13 2019 Di 2-13	3.565±0.405bc	15.850±3.030abcde	8.858±0.946bc	1.627±0.174c	15.005±0.765a	15.790±1.06bc	60.695±4.849c	0.365±0.065a
	2019QL-GAU-196	3.910±0.190ab	15.060±0.960bcde	11.792±1.718ab	2.165±0.315ab	8.850±1.520bc	14.570±1.190cd	56.347±3.973c	0.205±0.025cd
	均值±标准误 Mean±SE	4.363±0.239	18.634±1.196	10.702±0.919	1.964±0.169	13.167±1.341	18.863±1.705	67.693±4.812	0.2658±0.028

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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类型 Type	器官 Organs	养分含量 Nutrient content /%			养分积累量 Nutrient accumulation /（g/plant）
类型 Type	器官 Organs	N	P	K	N	P	K
B. rapa	根Root	0.868±0.061g	0.167±0.057e	5.267±0.437a	0.020±0.003i	0.005±0.000ghi	0.118±0.025cd
	茎Stem	0.450±0.027i	0.029±0.008j	2.178±0.146i	0.050±0.004fghi	0.003±0.001ij	0.253±0.048cd
	叶Leaf	1.807±0.229d	0.088±0.010gh	3.233±0.138de	0.120±0.027fg	0.006±0.001fg	0.198±0.034cd
	花Flower	3.380±0.140a	0.531±0.022a	4.722±0.485b	0.024±0.002hi	0.004±0.000hi	0.035±0.005d
	籽粒Seed	3.204±0.104b	0.300±0.016b	0.889±0.084i	0.206±0.019de	0.018±0.001d	0.055±0.017cd
	果壳Silique shell	0.779±0.065g	0.074±0.010hi	1.672±0.345h	0.062±0.009fghi	0.006±0.001fg	0.136±0.030cd
	合计Total	1.361±0.001e	0.119±0.001f	2.262±0.084i	0.482±0.005b	0.042±0.001b	0.795±0.024b
B. napus	根Root	0.615±0.056h	0.043±0.037j	3.078±0.291de	0.027±0.003hi	0.002±0.002bi	0.132±0.014cd
	茎Stem	0.603±0.077h	0.027±0.011j	3.996±0.150c	0.112±0.013fgh	0.005±0.002gh	0.748±0.060b
	叶Leaf	1.272±0.197ef	0.063±0.008i	2.978±0.149f	0.131±0.018ef	0.007±0.001f	0.316±0.024c
	花Flower	1.902±0.173d	0.217±0.017d	2.594±0.183fg	0.038±0.006ghi	0.004±0.001ghi	0.051±0.006cd
	籽粒Seed	2.764±0.110c	0.236±0.004c	1.178±0.094h	0.360±0.029c	0.031±0.002c	0.157±0.026cd
	果壳Silique shell	1.180±0.146ef	0.070±0.011i	3.506±0.187d	0.222±0.032d	0.014±0.003e	0.652±0.058b
	合计Total	1.328±0.041e	0.092±0.002g	3.050±0.004def	0.890±0.061a	0.063±0.001a	2.056±0.1289a

类型 Type	器官 Organs	干物质积累量 /（kg/hm²） Dry matter accumulation	单位面积氮磷钾总积累量 /（kg/hm²） Total amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in unit area			每100 kg籽粒养分需求量 /kg Nutrient requirement per 100 kg grain
类型 Type	器官 Organs	干物质积累量 /（kg/hm²） Dry matter accumulation	N	P	K	N	P	K
B. rapa	根Root	837.195	7.260	1.395	44.085	7.143	0.572	10.467
	茎Stem	4288.500	19.275	1.245	93.390
	叶Leaf	2401.695	43.380	2.115	77.655
	花Flower	271.500	9.180	1.440	12.825
	果壳Silique shell	3023.625	23.535	2.250	50.565
	合计（除籽粒） Total （except grains）	10822.515	102.630	8.460	278.190
	籽粒Seed	2425.320	77.715	7.290	21.555
	合计Total	13247.835	180.360	15.735	299.760
	养分还田量 Nutrient returning amount		57.090	4.710	278.190
B. napus	根Root	1635.945	10.065	0.705	50.355	6.554	0.463	14.612
	茎Stem	6987.750	42.120	1.875	279.255
	叶Leaf	4013.250	51.045	2.550	119.505
	花Flower	736.500	14.010	1.605	19.110
	果壳Silique shell	7073.820	83.460	4.935	192.660
	合计（除籽粒） Total （except grains）	20447.250	200.730	11.655	716.250
	籽粒Seed	4937.445	136.485	11.655	58.155
	合计Total	25384.680	337.215	23.295	774.405
	养分还田量 Nutrient returning amount		111.645	6.480	716.250

类型 Type	指标 Index	产量性状Yield traits
类型 Type	指标 Index	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
B. rapa	N	0.904	0.725	0.844	0.810	0.913	0.896	0.921	0.883	0.901	0.901
	P	0.913	0.714	0.853	0.793	0.934	0.919	0.919	0.897	0.923	0.889
	K	0.844	0.684	0.821	0.837	0.858	0.820	0.878	0.851	0.826	0.810
	干物质 Dry matter	0.904	0.714	0.862	0.805	0.905	0.913	0.922	0.886	0.911	0.892
	单株产量 Plant yield	0.881	0.765	0.819	0.781	0.865	0.841	0.842	0.876	0.888	-
B. napus	N	0.740	0.533	0.767	0.470	0.756	0.804	0.726	0.791	0.726	0.773
	P	0.682	0.597	0.689	0.534	0.692	0.714	0.714	0.782	0.668	0.703
	K	0.742	0.586	0.732	0.468	0.698	0.708	0.723	0.831	0.739	0.745
	干物质 Dry matter	0.756	0.507	0.722	0.445	0.684	0.731	0.790	0.781	0.713	0.663
	单株产量 Plant yield	0.671	0.653	0.707	0.565	0.654	0.651	0.649	0.789	0.677	-

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[4]	Yan-lin YAO, Li MA, Li-jun LIU, Xue-cai LI, Peng LI, Wang-tian WANG, Yuan-yuan PU, Zao-xia NIU, Fang XU, Wan-cang SUN, Jun-yan WU. Genome-wide identification, cloning and analysis of BrFLC family in northern winter rapeseed （Brassica rapa） [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2023, 45(1): 83-94.
[5]	Jing-xiu YE, Hai-dong LIU, Xiao-rong XING, Jun LI, De-zhi DU. Relationship between chlorophyll content and yield and development of chlorophyll major QTL cqSPDA2 linkage marker in Brassica napus [J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2022, 44(6): 1173-1181.
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