Abstract: The main agronomic characteristics and yield of 33 soybean materials were studied under relay intercropping systems. The results showed that the average height of materials reached 122.98cm with relatively less node number and prolonged node length. Branches were extremely important to yield formation, the average branch number of materials was 5.05, while branch yield accounting for 81.1% of the plant yield. Correlation analysis showed that the yield of relay intercropping soybean was significantly positively correlated with the seed weight of branch, the height of the highest branch, the effective branch numbers, the average branch length, the number of node on main stem, the growth period and vegetative period, and the length of vegetative period. The strong capability of branching and bearing were essential for higher yield in relay intercropping soybean. Principal component analysis showed that the branching factor, stem factor, yield factor and pod factor altogether contribute 77.28% to the variation rate. Results of this study will provide theoretical basis for selection and breeding of special soybean varieties for relay intercropping planting.