
Response of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and grain yield and quality of high oil soybean to nitrogen fertilizer
Shi ZOU, Jun YAN, Rui-min GAO, Wen-xiu ZOU, Xin-chun LU, Xu CHEN
CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 836-844.
Response of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and grain yield and quality of high oil soybean to nitrogen fertilizer
A reasonable nitrogen (N) application method could improve nodulation and N2 fixation, and reduce agricultural pollution and improve production efficiency under the premise of high yield and quality of soybeans. The effects of different N application rate and time on biomass, N2 fixation, ureide, yield, fat and isoflavone content of soybean, and the relationships among them were studied in present study, then to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for high-yield and high-quality soybean in this area. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of N application rates with 0 (CK), 5 mg N/kg soil (LN) and 100 mg N/kg soil (HN) at V2 (two trifoliolates) or R1 (beginning bloom) stages on growth, nitrogenase activity and ureide content at R2 (full bloom) and R5 (beginning seed) stages. The yield, fat and isoflavone of soybean seeds were determined at R8 (full maturity) as well. The N application rate and time had significant effects on nodulation and nitrogenase activity of soybean. With increasing N application rate, the nodule dry weight and number were decreased. Compared with the CK treatment, the nodule number and dry weight decreased by 69.6% and 88.4% under HN with R1 treatment at the R2 stage, respectively. In contrast, the highest nitrogenase activity and ureide content were observed under LN treatment. Compared to the CK treatment, the nitrogenase activity under LN with V2 treatment increased by 28.5% and 18.2% at the R2 and R5 stage. Soybean grain yield and fat content were the highest in LN treatment, while isoflavone content was the highest in CK treatment; The grain fat content of LN treatment increased by 1.7%-2.0% compared with CK treatment, and the isoflavone content of HN treatment decreased by 5.2%-11.2% compared with CK treatment. The structural equation model indicated that N application negatively regulated fat content and indirectly affected soybean yield; Negatively regulate the number of nodules and indirectly affect the content of isoflavones in soybean. In general, the N application at V2 stage was more beneficial to soybean yield and nitrogen fixation, while the N application at R1 stage was more beneficial to soybean grain fat content. The reasonable amount of N application should be controlled at 5 mg N/kg soil.
nitrogen fertilizer / nodule / nitrogenase activity / yield / fat / isoflavone {{custom_keyword}} /
Fig. 1 Effects of N fertilizer application time and rate on soybean nodule number图1 氮肥施用时期和施用量对大豆根瘤数量的影响 |
Table 1 Effects of N application time and rate on on grain yield, fat and isoflavone content of soybean表1 氮肥施用时期和施用量对大豆籽粒产量、脂肪和异黄酮含量的影响 |
施氮时期 Time | 施氮量 Rate | 产量 Yield /(g/pot) | 脂肪含量 Fat /% | 异黄酮含量 Isoflavone content /(μg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 19.31 | 22.42 | 658.05 | |
V2期 V2 stage | LN | 25.36 | 22.81 | 595.53 |
HN | 22.56 | 22.66 | 584.04 | |
R1期 R1 stage | LN | 23.95 | 22.87 | 654.67 |
HN | 19.87 | 22.71 | 623.87 | |
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||
施N时期Time | ns | ns | ns | |
施N量Rate | *** | ** | ** | |
施N时期*施N量Time*Rate | ns | ns | ns |
Fig. 5 SEM of nodule characteristics, nitrogenase activity, ureide, yield, fat and isoflavone with various N application time and rate图5 施氮量和施氮时期下根瘤特性、固氮酶活性、酰脲、籽粒产量、脂肪及异黄酮含量之间的结构方程图 |
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