Virgin coconut oil is a valuable source of medium chain fatty acids, with lauric acid comprising 44%-54% of the total fatty acids. With the deepening of research, virgin coconut oil has attracted growing attention in the field of food and medicine. Besides, its market scale is also expanding year by year. In this article, the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of VCO were introduced, and the health effects of VCO on antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and cardiovascular disease prevention and their potential mechanisms were reviewed. It was aimed to provide theoretical reference for the further development and popularization of virgin coconut oil.

In order to explore the promoter function of AhGPAT9 gene involved in TAG de novo synthesis, a promoter sequence was cloned from the upstream of AhGPAT9 gene in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） cv Tifrunner genome, and bioinformatics analysis of it was carried out. After that, recombinant expression vectors of full-length promoter as well as several 5’-terminal deletion promoters fused with GUS reporter gene were constructed, respectively, and then transfected by Agrobacteriumrhizogenes mediated plant transgenic systems to analyze the promoter activity and expression pattern of AhGPAT9. It was found that the full-length of AhGPAT9 promoter sequence was 1750 bp, and its core region was located in -257 bp to -128 bp. In addition to the core elements essential for eukaryotic promoters, such as CAAT-box and TATA-box, the AhGPAT9 promoter also contained multiple cis-elements that were responsive to hormone regulation, stress induction, light response, endosperm specific expression and growth regulation. Furthermore, AhGPAT9 was mainly expressed on seedlings, stems, cauline leaves, flowers, 9-12DAP siliques and corresponding mature embryos of transgenic Arabidopsis by GUS histochemical staining test. Our findings provide a new theory for further revealing the biological functions of AhGPAT9 involved in the lipids biosynthetic pathway of peanut.

Biotic stresses （as pests, diseases, ect.） and abiotic stresses （as temperature stress and water stress ect.） are key factors affecting plant development and yield. Lipids participate in various pathways of plant response to stress, forming a unique feedback response mechanism, including unsaturated fatty acids in disease and insect resistance in biological stress. In addition, fatty acid derivatives in abiotic stress could also increase intracellular osmotic regulation, reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and improve plant stress resistance. This paper summarizes the research progress on regulation mechanism of plant lipids under biological and abiotic stresses, briefly introduces stress types, and focuses on the changes and regulation of plant lipids under various stresses. It is expected to better understand on physiological activities of plants under different stresses, and to provide a basic theoretical reference for further research on lipids regulation on plant stress resistance.

In order to improve the breeding efficiency of edible peanut quality breeding and optimize the evaluation system, 21 traits （including appearance, nutritional, sensory quality） and 17 amino acid components of 10 edible peanut varieties were measured and analyzed. Results showed that the variation coefficient of appearance quality was in order of kernel length > 100-kernel weight > kernel width, the variation coefficient of nutritional quality was in order of sucrose content > oleic acid content > tocopherol > protein content > oil content. Amino acid analysis showed that amino acids composition in peanut kernel was complete, and the firstly restrict amino acid was Met + Cys, which had great improvement potential. Path analysis and decision analysis showed that the effect on protein content was in order of Asp> Gly> His> Pro> Tyr> Phe. There were significant correlations between sensory quality traits. Boiling sensory was significantly correlated with protein content. Roasting sensory was significantly correlated with sucrose and oleic acid content. According to principal component analysis, 6 principal components （cumulative contribution rate of 91.69%） were extracted. 9 quality traits were screened as key evaluation indexes, and 3 excellent comprehensive quality varieties were selected to provide reference for breeding of edible peanut quality.

The GLK （the Golden2-like） transcription factor, a member of the GARP transcription factor superfamily, can directly activate a large number of downstream target genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins, including the target genes associated to chlorophyll biosynthesis, light capture and electron transport, and play a key role in plant physiological processes and abiotic stress responses. In order to identify GLK gene family in Brassica napus and explore their related functions in response to salt and drought stress, 159 BnaGLK genes were identified on the whole genome level, and their gene structure characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, promoter cis-acting elements and gene expression patterns were analyzed. The results showed that 159 BnaGLK genes were unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. They were divided into 9 subgroups, and the number and structure of exons and introns of the BnaGLK gene were very similar in each subgroup. Promoter analysis revealed a number of cis-acting elements, including a variety of hormonal and abiotic stress responsive, particularly drought responsive cis-acting elements. Eight BnaGLKs with high expression in leaves based on the open-accessed expression data, were selected for further expression pattern analysis under salt and drought stress by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that BnaGLK genes play an important role in abiotic stress response in B. napus. This study laid a foundation for further analysis of the biological function of GLK gene family in B. napus.

Soybean [Glycine max（L.）Merr.] is one of the most economically valuable food crops and oil crops in the world, but various soil-borne diseases cause serious loss of yield and quality. At present, chemical agents brings problems on soil and water pollution, food safety risks, and also leads to fungicides resistance. It is urgent to find economical and effective green control methods. The use of biocontrol bacteria to control soybean diseases has outstanding advantages in terms of safety, effectiveness, and sustainability. Researchers focused on biological pesticides and biocontrol fungi in recent years. In this paper, 4 soil-borne diseases (soybean root rot, sclerotinia, charcoal rot and cyst nematode) which were extremely difficult to control in soybean production are summarized, and the biocontrol potential and biocontrol of corresponding biocontrol bacteria are reviewed. The mechanism and application status and research directions in the application are prospected, which could provide a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of soybean soil-borne diseases, in order to promote the sustainable development of the soybean industry.

In order to explore the development of peanut breeding in China, source distribution, breeding methods, yield, quality and other related characteristics of 587 peanut varieties registered during 2020-2023 were statistically analyzed. Results showed that 587 peanut varieties were mainly from North China, South China and the middle- and lower-reaches of the Yangtze River, of which Shandong and Henan provinces accounted for 53.83% of the total, and the breeding units were mainly scientific research institutes, accounting for 71.72%. The main breeding method was hybridization. The average growth period of peanut was 122.0 d; pod and seed yields were 4721.5 kg/hm² and 3342.9 kg/hm² respectively; 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight were 200.7 g and 81.0 g respectively; the full Pod per plant was 16.8; pod yield, seed yield and full Pod per plant decreased by years with the registration time. In terms of quality, coefficient of variation of oleic acid content (29.91%) was the largest, and oil content (6.03%) was the smallest. There were 215, 73 and 55 varieties with oleic acid content ≥75%, oil content ≥ 55% and protein content ≥ 28%, respectively. By cluster analysis, peanut varieties were divided into 3 groups: high yield, small grain and early maturity with the Euclidean distance as 12.

"Seven Major Crops Breeding" project is the sole special project in the field of biological seed industry during the “13^th Five-Year Plan”. It is of great significance for consolidating and leading the development direction of breeding technology and safety ensuring of China's crop seed industry. Rapeseed is one of the important objects in the project. Based on the layout and implementation of rapeseed genetic breeding, this paper summarized the main research progress, major achievements, organization and implementation management experience of rapeseed genetic breeding during the period from 5 aspects, including elite germplasm exploring, genes cloning and mechanism analysis of important agronomic traits, innovation on breeding technologies for new materials and varieties, and seed multiplication and processing technology. In addition, 3 countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for future research in this field: 1st, strengthen top-level design and systematic layout of major projects; 2nd, optimize the management system and improve the regulatory framework for biotechnology breeding; 3rd, innovate the breeding industry chain and build a seed industry innovation system with close division of labor and cooperation between science and enterprise.

Rapeseed is an essential oil crop in China. Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are the main planting areas, which account for more than 42% of the total planted area of rapeseed in China. The area has more than 3467 ha of winter fallow field, with massive potential for utilization. The total mechanization rate of rapeseed tillage, seeding and harvesting in the 3 provinces is higher than national average. Still, the uneven development, insufficient utilization of idle fields in winter, low levels of mechanization and intelligence, are technical bottlenecks for improving whole mechanization. This paper analyzes the basic situation and existing problems of the rapeseed industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, combing tillage, seeding, harvesting key aspects of mechanization and intelligent technology, and gives the technical routes of the whole process of rapeseed production that could be promoted. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of the technical characteristics and difficulties in promoting the application of the "tillage, seeding and harvesting" aspects of rapeseed production was carried out. Development trend of rapeseed production technology mode is semi-mechanized, mechanized to intelligent in the winter fallow fields. The technical development paths of each link are discribed as "anti-blocking, anti-sticky, anti-tangle, and high-speed, efficient, low consumption" mechanized tillage. Integrated tillage and seeding technology to complete multiple working procedures simultaneously. High efficiency, low consumption and low loss of rapeseed mechanized harvesting technology should be combined with harvesting and two-stage harvesting synergistic development. The mechanization technology of feeding, vegetable and fertilizer and the critical technology of intelligent rapeseed production should also be developed and applied simultaneously. To achieve high yield, several suggestions for promoting full mechanization technology model for rapeseed in the mid-winter fields of the Yangtze River are proposed.

Currently, sharp contradiction exists between edible oil supply and demand in China. Developing edible oil production largely depends on the development of rapeseed production. For less land competition between cereal crops and rapeseed, the Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed producing area in China. But, problems (such as a large amount of labor, high labor cost and low efficiency) seriously restrict the development of rapeseed industry. The whole-process mechanization (including sowing, management, and harvesting) is the key to boosting rapeseed production. Thus we reviewed the research on rapeseed biological characteristics, planting habits, and rotation systems, to focus on high yield loss rate during harvesting. We expected to improve mechanized harvesting of rapeseed in China. The research processes on breeding ideotype rapeseed suitable for mechanized harvesting as resistance to lodging, pod cracking, and sclerotinia disease were also discussed. The aim was to provide an insight on breeding and cultivation management of rapeseed suitable for high efficient mechanized harvesting.

Currently, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic vegetable oil is still low. As an important oil crop in China, rapeseed contributes to nearly 50% of the oil production of domestic oil crops, and it plays a vital role in ensuring national edible oil supply security. Since the "No. 1 central document" for 2012 first proposed the comprehensive deployment of agricultural science and technology strategy, the rapeseed industry has made great progress with scientific and technological support. The "No. 1 central document" for 2023 clearly proposes to further promote the soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project, take coordinated steps to support the rapeseed industry, promote rice-oil rotation, and vigorously develop winter idle fields. This paper systematically figured the development status of rapeseed industry from 2012 to 2022, summarized the scientific and technological progress within this sector, and analysed the current challenges and prospects. Finally, policy suggestions were put forward to support the sustainable development of rapeseed industry in China.

Pomegranate seed oil is a functional vegetable oil extracted from pomegranate seed, the byproduct of pomegranate processing. It has promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases activities. In this article, the research results of pomegranate seed oil at home and abroad in recent years were comprehensively reviewed from the aspects of the extraction method, nutritional composition, and health benefit of pomegranate seed oil. Aqueous enzymatic method, solvent extraction method, supercritical fluid extraction method and physics-assisted extraction method had significant influences on the yield and fatty acid composition. Although there were differences in the fatty acid composition of pomegranate seed oil from different origins and different extraction methods, overall, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in pomegranate seed oil reached 88.57%-95.33%. The unsaturated fatty acids were dominated by punicic acids (60.62%-81.40%). They were the main bioactive ingredients of pomegranate seed oil which could exert various nutritional effects. Therefore, pomegranate seed oil is a woody vegetable oil with high nutritional value and potential utilization value. This paper aims to provide a theoretical reference for further research on pomegranate seed oil and its development, and its utilization in food, biomedicine and other fields.

Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is the primary source of vegetable edible oil in China, playing an important role in ensuring and stabitity the safety of national edible oil supply. The growth and development of oilseed rape are frequently attacked by various pathogens, among which Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is generally considered one of the most economically damaging, widely studied and highly concerned diseases. This article refers to relevant research results, elaborates on the pathological cycle and pathogenic mechanism of S. sclerotiorum, summarizes the progress of resistant germplasms, defense-ralated genes and mechanisms in oilseed rape. Additionary, this review introduces the newly reporeted pathogenicity factors such as SsCP1; it contains breakthroughs in the creation of resistant germplasm inherited from Brassica species; multiple studies that found the co-localization of genetic loci controlling flowering time and resistance to S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape; and the research reveals the molecular mechanism mediated by the WRKY28-WRKY33 module finely regulates defense strength of oilseed rape after being infected with S. sclerotiorum. This review also looks forward to future research on oilseed rape resistance against S. Sclerotiorum, with a focus on exploring resistant germplasm. It aims to provide a reference for the comprehensive control of S. sclerotiorum in China.

Drying is a crucial step in the processing and safe storage of oil crops. With the advantages of simple operation, low cost, large treatment capacity and sustainable drying, the hot air drying among various drying technologies is widely used. In essence, the process involves moisture and heat transfer. It’s important to accurately predict the moisture and heat transfer process of oil crops based on experimental research and model researches. On the basis of introducing the characteristics of hot air drying for various oil crops, the present status and development trend of experimental and model research on this field are mainly focused on. Besides, we prospected the future research direction in the field of hot air drying of oil crops, and aimed to provide reference for the in-depth research of hot air drying of oil crops in practical application.

To elucidate the function of Δ12 fatty acid dehydrogenase gene in sunflower, open reading frame (ORF) sequence of Δ12 fatty acid dehydrogenase gene HaFAD2-1 in sunflower was cloned by RT-PCR, according to the results of transcriptome sequencing in previous research. Results showed that the ORF was 1137 bp, encoding 378 amino acids. Bioinformatics prediction showed that HaFAD2-1 was an alkaline and hydrophilic protein with a secondary structure of α-helix. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HaFAD2-1 gene was most closely related to FAD2 in Dimorphotheca sinuata DC. qRT-PCR analysis showed that HaFAD2-1 gene was particularly highly expressed in seeds. Its expression level in low oleic acid seeds was significantly higher than that in high oleic acid seeds. Correlation analysis showed thatthe expression level of HaFAD2-1 was significantly negatively correlated with oleic acid content, and significantly positively correlated with linoleic acid content. HaFAD2-1 coding protein was found to be subcellular localized in cytoplasm. Compared with wild type, the content of total unsaturated fatty acid in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds increased significantly, and content of most fatty acids in the downstream of linoleic acid synthesis increased significantly, while the content of most fatty acids in the upstream of linoleic acid synthesis decreased significantly. These results suggested that HaFAD2-1 was an important gene involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower.

Global warming has adverse effects on crop growth, development and yield production. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to evaluate the seed heat tolerance of different crops and to mine the related genes for improving the tolerance of crops to high temperature stress. In order to study the differences of seed heat tolerance in different crops, the seeds of 18 different crop varieties or parental lines were used as materials, and the germination potential and germination percentage were investigated after 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 12 h of heat treatment under about 100℃. The results showed that there were significant differences in seed heat tolerance in different crops. The general trend was that the germination potential and germination percentage decreased continuously with the extension of treatment time. The seeds of sesame and partial rapeseed varieties had the strongest heat tolerance, and the germination potential and germination percentages after 12 hours heat treatment were still over 50%. The heat tolerance of wheat, rice, barley and safflower is moderate, and the heat tolerance of peanut seeds is the weakest, the germination potential and germination percentages after 2 h treatment were less than 10%. In order to explore heat tolerance-related genes of rapeseed, 114 Brassica napus lines were used as materials and treated at 100℃ for 8 h. And 60 K Illumina SNP array were used to conduct genome-wide association analysis of germination potential and germination percentage in two environments. As a result, 11 SNPs associated with germination potential and 2 SNPs associated with germination percentage were detected. A total of 16 heat tolerance-related genes were screened within the candidate interval, and some homologous genes of the genes have been reported to play an important role in heat tolerance response of other plants.

For efficient botanical fungicides to control sunflower rust, 9 commercial botanical fungicides were selected for laboratory tests of their toxicity, suitable application period and adhesion characteristics. Results showed that in the toxicity measurement, 0.3% eugenol (soluble agent, SL) had the strongest toxicity to P. helianthi urediniospores (with EC₅₀ value of 1.58 mg/L), followed by 0.4% osthol (SL) and garlic oil (emulsifiable concentrate, EC), with EC₅₀ value of 3.43 mg/L and 5.154 mg/L respectively. In the experiment of suitable application period, 2 methods (spraying after inoculation and spraying before inoculation) were tested, the control efficiency of 0.3% eugenol (SL) was the best, with 86.42% and 88.79% respectively for the 2 methods, followed by 0.4% osthol (SL) and 80% garlic oil (EC), both with control efficiency exceeding 70% for them, and significantly different from other tested fungicides. In the adhesion test, the adhesion rate of 0.3% eugenol (SL) to P. helianthi urediniospores was the lowest, with a value of 73%, which was significantly lower than the control, followed by 0.4% osthol (SL) and 80% garlic oil (EC), with the adhesion rates of 76% and 80% respectively. Taken together, the results showed that 0.3% eugenol (SL) should be the firstchoice of botanical fungicide for sunflower rust control, followed by 0.4% osthol (SL) and 80% garlic oil (EC).

Brassica juncea exhibites relatively tolerance to heavy metal cations. Because of NRAMP （natural resistance associated macrophage protein） is mainly involved in absorption and transport of metal cations, we used NRAMP homologous genes of Arabidopsis thaliana as reference, to better understand the NRAMPs in B. juncea. Thus 18 BjNRAMP memmbers in B. juncea were identified on 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BjNRAMPs were clustered into 2 clades. Their expansionswere possibly caused by B.juncea genome triplication after the divergence of Arabidopsis and Brassica. Transcriptome sequencing data from roots and leaves under different concentration of cadmium （Cd） treatments indicated that expressions of BjNRAMPs were tissue-specific, in which BjNRAMP1.4 expression in root was increased under 30 mg/kg of Cd treatment. BjNRAMP2.2 expression in leaf was induced by 10 mg/kg of Cd treatment, but decreased in roots. After transformed into yeast, overexpression of BjNRAMP1.4 in Cd-sensitive yeast mutants significantly improved its tolerance to Cd. Promotion function of BjNRAMP2.2 played a limited role, not as good as BjNRAMP1.4.

The structural lipids known as medium and long-chain triacylglycerols （MLCT） have unique physical-chemical characteristics and nutritional functions. Due to the increasing demand for MLCT in the food, pharmaceutical, healthcare, human milk fat substitutes, and other industries, the study of enzymatic MLCT preparation has steadily grown into a research hotspot. The enzymatic synthesis approach of MLCTs, comprising the synthesis process, lipase types, catalytic reaction system, and product purification, is summarized, analyzed, and discussed in this work. This document is intended to serve as a reference for the production and application of enzymatic MLCT.

Phthalate acid esters are widely used in industry. They have very strong reproductive developmental toxicity and belonging to a typical type of environmental hormones. When they enter food chain through any ways, threatening human health seriously. In this review, the contamination pathways, hazards and limits of phthalate acid esters in food are briefly described, and the existing detection technologies are summarized. We expected to provide reference for prevention and detection of phthalate acid esters in food.