Oil is the main energy storage substance and an important membrane component of plant. Oil is also involved in the signal transduction, stomatal opening and closing, pollination and fertilization, seed germination, and stress response. WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), a member of the AP2 transcription factor family, is master regulator in transcriptional control of plant oil biosynthesis. This paper reviewed recent advances in regulatory mechanism of WRI1 on plant oil biosynthesis, including (1) the discovery, origin, and evolutionary characteristics of WRI1; (2) gene expression characteristics, gene structure, protein structure, and promoter cis-acting elements of WRI1; (3) regulation mechanism of transcription level and translation level, and downstream target genes of WRI1; (4) the future research direction and application prospects. This review is expected to provide a reference for further understanding the molecular mechanism of WRI1 regulating plant oil synthesis, and also provide a theoretical basis for improving oil crops with WRI1.

Drying is a crucial step in the processing and safe storage of oil crops. With the advantages of simple operation, low cost, large treatment capacity and sustainable drying, the hot air drying among various drying technologies is widely used. In essence, the process involves moisture and heat transfer. It’s important to accurately predict the moisture and heat transfer process of oil crops based on experimental research and model researches. On the basis of introducing the characteristics of hot air drying for various oil crops, the present status and development trend of experimental and model research on this field are mainly focused on. Besides, we prospected the future research direction in the field of hot air drying of oil crops, and aimed to provide reference for the in-depth research of hot air drying of oil crops in practical application.

To better understand the resistance of Brassica napus to soil cadmium (Cd) stress, ABCC family genes and their transcriptional response to Cd stress in B. napus were studied. 38 ABCC homologs were identified, and were systematically analyzed on their phylogenetic evolution, chromosome location, gene structure and transcriptional response to Cd stress. Results revealed that all BnaABCC transporters fall into their corresponding clades of Arabidopsis thaliana, but ABCC9 was not found in B. napus. Most of the BnaABCCs were stable and hydrophobic, and Ka/Ks ratio was less than 1, suggested the results of strongly purification and selection. Gene structures of BnaABCCs were varied, which were disrupted by 6-34 introns. Vast of cis-acting elements could bind to their promoters, Dof might be the richest one. 38 BnaABCCs were mapped on chromosome 7 A and chromosome 8 C, and collinearity analysis showed abundant homologs in B. napus and Arabidopsis, B. rapa and B. oleracea. Transcriptome analysis showed that BnaABCCs were induced by Cd stress. Among them, BnaC1.ABCC3-1 and BnaA6.ABCC4-3 were identified as core genes in shoot and root respectively.

As an newly important woody oil crop in China, Swida wilsoniana is of great significance for national oil safety. Great achievements in the foundational research and industrial utilization of S. wilsoniana have been made in recent years, these achievements significantly promoted its research process on plant growth and development, as well as genetic background, oil biosynthesis and regulation, oil extraction and ingredient analysis, and oil industrial transformation. In this paper, research progress of S. wilsoniana were reviewed in agronomic characteristics and tissue anatomy, physiological and biochemical characteristics, genetic background and functional genes, fruit development and components accumulation, oil extraction process, oil composition analysis, and oil application, in order to provide references for the deepening and expansion of future research.

Grain, oilseed and their products are important for human beings, which provide the three most essential nutrients. Their quality and safety are hot issues, which draws more attentions from governments and consumers. Thus their detection methods are important to ensure the safety. Among them, solid phase extraction （SPE） is one of the most scientific method to extract targets from samples, and the extraction material is the key factor to influence the efficiency of both extraction and separation. This review summarized the research progress of SPE based pretreatment methods for grain, oilseed and their products, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different materials, and prospected development trends of new extraction materials in analytical methods for grain, oilseed and their products.

Peanut southern blight is an important soil-borne fungal disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, widely distributed in most peanut producing countries. During the past decade, it has become an important disease which restricted peanut production in China, and causing significantly economic losses. In this review, characteristics, pathogenicity differentiation, and factors affecting disease development of peanut southern blight were discussed in order to provide reference for prevention and control of the disease.

According to the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China,since May 2017, China has changed the original approval management of rapeseed varieties to registration management. Up to July 2021, a total of 1212 rapeseed varieties have been registered in China. In order to reveal the rapeseed breeding level and to perfect the function of variety registration system, it was reviewed on current situation of rapeseed varieties registered in China with suggestions. Based on the data, nearly half of the registered varieties were newly bred, mainly self bred Brassica napus hybrid varieties （except one from abroad）, registered in provinces of the main production areas. Cold resistance trait received more attention. Disease resistance was enhanced. Oil content was significantly improved, and the quality was significantly improved as well. Problems included that most varieties were not applied for variety right protection, few varieties had short growth period which was becoming important. Thus we suggested to improve the process of variety registration system, including to revise the registration rules and guidelines soon. Considering the breeding direction, we suggested to strengthen the breeding on 3 features: short growth period, mechanized planting, and multifunction (for vegetable, green fertilizer and forage, etc.) for promoting high-quality development of China's rapeseed industry.

This paper defines the connotation of ideal type of rapeseed （Brassica napus） plant and emphasizes the multi-functionality of rapeseed and the functional specificity of its ideal type of plant. The ideal type of rapeseed is defined as the plant form that realizes some function of rapeseed and facilitates the maximization of relevant economic benefits. The relationship between the two dimensions of plant type per plant and population was clarified. The basic context of research on the type of rapeseed plants was combed, and four stages of research on the types of ideal rapeseeds were introduced, including the primary, mature, digital and molecular biotechnology stages. An index system of the types of rapeseed plants was constructed, including the roots, stems, leaves, branches, flowers, pods and canopy structure. These structures were summarized and examined by morphometry, summarization of the experiment, experimental statistics, digital simulation, cultivation regulation and genetic improvements in plant type. A classification of the basic principles for research on the types of rape plants was proposed, including those of photosynthetic efficiency, morphological structure, source-sink-flow, and principles of crop physiology. The characteristics and connotation of four typical types of ideal rapeseed based on high grain yield, mechanical direct seeding, vegetable or forage, and ornamental properties were introduced. The shortcomings in the study of rapeseed plant types were analyzed, the basic characteristics, construction strategies and the research trend of ideal type of rapeseed plant were discussed and proposed.

Maturity group （MG） is a widely-used system for soybean classification in the world. In order to clarify the MG types of national soybean materials, varieties （lines） from 4 trails （Yangtze River Valley Summer-Planting Late-maturing Soybean Reginal and Joint Qualification Trials, Summer-Planting Vegetable-soybean Reginal and Joint Qualification Trials） of the year were summer-planted in Nanchong （Sichuan Province） from 2019 to 2020. By comparing with 24 MG standard varieties from the North America, regression analysis method was established with growth duration and relative maturity group values. Results showed that growth duration of the standard varieties presented constant increase from MGⅠ to MGⅦ, but the boundaries between MGⅡ and MGⅢ, MGIV and MGV, were not obvious. Of the 47 tested varieties in 2 years, totally 4, 4, 11, and 5 varieties belonged to MGII, MGⅢ, MGIV, MGV, respectively, accounting for 8.5%, 8.5%, 23.4%, 10.6% of the total number. 22 varieties belonged to MGⅥ-MGⅦ, accounting for 46.8%. It indicated that most varieties in Yangtze River Valley summer-planting and late-maturing soybean group and summer planting vegetable soybean group belong to MGIV-MGⅦ. These results were expected to provide references for breeding and promotion of soybean bteeding in Sichuan, and also for introduction in other regions in China.

Virgin coconut oil is a valuable source of medium chain fatty acids, with lauric acid comprising 44%-54% of the total fatty acids. With the deepening of research, virgin coconut oil has attracted growing attention in the field of food and medicine. Besides, its market scale is also expanding year by year. In this article, the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of VCO were introduced, and the health effects of VCO on antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and cardiovascular disease prevention and their potential mechanisms were reviewed. It was aimed to provide theoretical reference for the further development and popularization of virgin coconut oil.

Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) received increasing attention in recent years because of its comprehensive utilization potentials. As a new source of food, vegetative oil, feed for the consumption of humans and livestock, it accumulates great nutrients including oil, starch, sugars, protein, dietary fibers etc. in its underground tubers. The aboveground grass could also be utilized as high-quality forage for livestock. As a multi-purpose crop originated in the desert area, tigernut has the characteristics of wide adaptability, higher biomass yield and value added chain, and shows great potential for the verstile applications in agricultural and industrial sectors. Abundant marginal land with sandy texture provides a basis for the development of tigernut industry in China. Currently, foundation of tigernut industry has been established in China, and the essentials of the industrial chain are also in place. The present paper reviewed the characteristics and utilization of tigernut as a cultivated crop in China, and analyzed its current status of research and industrial development. Potential, problems and adaptive suggestions related to the industry were also discussed.

In order to explore the promoter function of AhGPAT9 gene involved in TAG de novo synthesis, a promoter sequence was cloned from the upstream of AhGPAT9 gene in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） cv Tifrunner genome, and bioinformatics analysis of it was carried out. After that, recombinant expression vectors of full-length promoter as well as several 5’-terminal deletion promoters fused with GUS reporter gene were constructed, respectively, and then transfected by Agrobacteriumrhizogenes mediated plant transgenic systems to analyze the promoter activity and expression pattern of AhGPAT9. It was found that the full-length of AhGPAT9 promoter sequence was 1750 bp, and its core region was located in -257 bp to -128 bp. In addition to the core elements essential for eukaryotic promoters, such as CAAT-box and TATA-box, the AhGPAT9 promoter also contained multiple cis-elements that were responsive to hormone regulation, stress induction, light response, endosperm specific expression and growth regulation. Furthermore, AhGPAT9 was mainly expressed on seedlings, stems, cauline leaves, flowers, 9-12DAP siliques and corresponding mature embryos of transgenic Arabidopsis by GUS histochemical staining test. Our findings provide a new theory for further revealing the biological functions of AhGPAT9 involved in the lipids biosynthetic pathway of peanut.

Cotyledon yellowing lethality directly affects seed emergence and seedling rate in Brassica napus. It is convenient to investigate the molecular mechanism of cotyledon yellowing lethal mutants for the basic research on plant physiology. In this paper, we reported the results of gene localization and candidate gene prediction related to the mutant ytl (yellow to lethal) in B. napus. The mutant isolated from the progenies of the restorer recurrent selection population did not return to green after germination, and the cotyledons remained in a state of yellowing and died in 9-15 days after sowing. The chlorophyll and lutein contents of the ytl mutant were significantly reduced compared with the wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the chloroplasts of the mutant still stopped at the plastid stage and the basal lamellae of the cystoid were blurred. The results of genetic analysis indicated that the cotyledon yellowing trait of the mutant was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. The candidate gene was located between the marker SSR-140 and PBZIN-1 on chromosome C09 using B. napus 60K Illumina Infinium SNP microarray combined with molecular marker analysis, corresponding to a physical distance of 198 kb. This study laid the foundation for further cloning of the candidate gene BnaC09.YTL and subsequent functional researches.

To better utilize the stem and leaf of Cyperus esculentus and facilitate its crop breeding, relationship was studied between phenotypic features and stem-and-leaf metabolites, by investigating phenotypic parameters of 10 cultivars. The parameters including leaf width, tuber width, tuber thickness and tuber height, were compared and analyzed. Stem and leaf metabolites were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results showed that 10 cultivars of C. esculentus were divided into 2 phenotypes, namely wide-leaf round-tuber type and narrow-leaf long-tuber type. Their leaf width was positively correlated with tuber width and tuber thickness. Relative contents of 28 main metabolites were discovered and investigated including flavane-3-ols, caffeic acids and flavonoids. Results showed that the contents of 4 flavonoids (luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide, luteolin 8-C-glucoside, luteolin 7-glucuronide, and luteolin) were significantly higher in wide-leaf round-tuber C. esculentus leaves. Biosynthesis pathways of the 4 differential flavonoids metabolites were deduced and mapped using KEGG and PlantCyc. It was predicted that the wide-leaf round-tuber type was more drought-tolerant than the narrow-leaf long-tuber ones.

In order to analyze the influence of waterlogging on the morphological characteristics of peanut root system, a tolerant variety Xianghua 2008 and a sensitive variety Zhonghua 4 were used as materials, and pot experiment was carried out with the self-made root rack system. After 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of waterlogging stresses in the seedling stage, the root morphological characteristics were studied based on the fresh （dry） weight, microscopic and ultrastructure of the root system. The results showed that the root system of Zhonghua 4 was greatly damaged by waterlogging stress. As the days of flooding prolonged, the root color of Zhonghua 4 became darker and smelled bad, while, for Xianghua 2008, only the middle-and-upper roots was slightly yellow and lighter odor. Waterlogging tolerance cofficient of fresh weight of the root system was higher than that of Zhonghua 4. In addition, aerenchyma appeared in Xianghua 2008, the number and cross-sectionalarea of aerenchyma increased with flooding time. Xylem of the middle section of the main root remained basically normal, and the ducts were generally distributed in rays. On the contrary, no obvious aerenchyma was formed in roots of Zhonghua 4, and the xylem and ducts were irregularly distributed. Although the nucleus and mitochondria in the main root cells of Xianghua 2008 are affected, they could still maintain cell activity and root growth. The organelles of Zhonghua 4 were more sensitive to waterlogging stress and accelerate senescence and death. In summary, the root of Xianghua 2008 were less affected under waterlogging stress, aerenchyma appeared in the main root, the xylem and the nucleus and mitochondria in cells in the middle of the main root were basically normal. However, the roots of Zhonghua 4 were severely damaged, and no obvious aerenchyma was formed. The xylem and ducts in the middle of the main root were irregularly distributed, the cytoplasm of the cells in the middle of the main root was dissolved, and the mitochondria were abnormal. This study could provide a basis for analyzing the waterlogging resistance mechanism of peanut.

Soybean root rot was a worldwide soil-borne disease that reduced soybean production. Pathogen identification is the premise and foundation for soybean root rot control. A total of 432 soybean rotten root samples were collected from main producing areas of Shandong Province in 2019-2020. Strains of 279 fungi were isolated and purified from watery soybean roots by tissue separation method, according to morphological identification and ITS， CoxII， β-tubulin sequence analyze， 52 strains were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum and Pythium sylvaticum. The isolation frequencies of P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, and P. sylvaticum were 50%, 34.62% and 15.38%, respectively, and P. aphanidermatum was the dominant pathogen. The pathogenicity test of the above 3 Pythium species was carried out and the symptoms of soybean root rot could be repeated in all the 3 Pythium species. This is the first report of adult stage soybean root rot caused by P. sylvaticum in China. The results could not only increase the pathogen understanding of soybean root rot, but also provide scientific basis for the disease control and resistance breeding.

Implementation of the novel grand-food security strategy based on the principles of all-encompassing approach to food is highly crucial for diversifying sources, increasing supply amount, improving nutritional quality, enhancing market competitiveness, protecting eco-systems, ensuring self-coordination, promoting healthy consumption, and elevating comprehensive management of various foods in China under the New Era. Since the opening police starting in 1978, historical changes have occurred in production, trade and consumption of major agricultural products including the oilseeds, and food consumption and nutrition levels in the whole country have been significantly improved. However, the unbalanced production and consumption of certain agro-products have also led to serious problems such as an increase in chronic diseases, environmental pollution and risks within food supply chains, among which, the short domestic production and over-consumption of oilseeds and edible vegetable oils have been in a dilemma for more than ten years. Based on China’s natural resources and social-economic circumstances, the general road-map including enlarging production of rapeseed and peanut, promoting production of other special minor oilseeds and intensifying healthy consumption should be well followed in order to ensure the supply of oilseed products. It is proposed to increase the domestic vegetable oil production up to 20 million tons in the next decade, which would be the basic supply bottom line for domestic consumption. Meanwhile, further efforts should be made on improving the quality, production efficiency and market competitiveness and promoting healthy consumption of oilseed products.

Biotic stresses （as pests, diseases, ect.） and abiotic stresses （as temperature stress and water stress ect.） are key factors affecting plant development and yield. Lipids participate in various pathways of plant response to stress, forming a unique feedback response mechanism, including unsaturated fatty acids in disease and insect resistance in biological stress. In addition, fatty acid derivatives in abiotic stress could also increase intracellular osmotic regulation, reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and improve plant stress resistance. This paper summarizes the research progress on regulation mechanism of plant lipids under biological and abiotic stresses, briefly introduces stress types, and focuses on the changes and regulation of plant lipids under various stresses. It is expected to better understand on physiological activities of plants under different stresses, and to provide a basic theoretical reference for further research on lipids regulation on plant stress resistance.

Corynespora leaf spot is sesame common disease, seriously affecting the yield and quality of the sesame. To determine the optimal period of prevention and control of Corynespora leaf spot and formulate effective pesticide control measures, the occurrence of Corynespora leaf spot in Pingyu County was monitored from 2017 to 2019. The indoor toxicity and field control efficiency of 16 fungicides were determined. The results showed that the initial occurrence stage of Corynespora leaf spot was the squaring stage-early flowering stage, and the turning stage of disease development was the early flowering stage-full flowering stage （20-31, July, in Huanghuai region, the incidence was less than 3% or the disease index was less than 1）. Among the 16 fungicides, hexaconazole, prochloraz, flusilazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, procymidone, thiofuramide and fludioxonil were the stronger toxicity to Corynespora leaf spot, EC₅₀ is 1.5734×10^-4, 0.1248, 0.7128, 1.3922, 2.0014, 2.7323, 5.4327 and 6.1285 mg/L. Thiofuramide, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and difenoconazole had well field efficacy both on disease control and yield improvement. The control efficacies were 67.19%, 65.86%, 61.17%, 60.87% and 61.83%, the increase rates were 38.96%, 36.86%, 39.72%, 34.96% and 38.56%, respectively. The control efficacy and yield increase efficacy of difenoconazole, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin and tebuconazole were the best when applied twice. According to the results, the optimal control period of Corynespora leaf spot in sesame was from early flowering stage to full flowering stage as 20-31 July in Huanghuai region, or before the disease incidence reached 3% or disease index reached 1. Thus it is supposed to select thiofuramide, hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and difenoconazole as fungicides. The same fungicide should not be applied for more than twice with an interval of 10 days. In order to reduce fungicide residues and prevent pathogens from producing resistance （tolerance）, different fungicides could be used alternately.

The objective of this study was to explore the photosynthetic physiological responses of Cyperus esculentus seedlings under different concentrations of saline-alkali stress, and to reveal the salt tolerance mechanism and salt-alkali resistance ability, it was expected to provide a theoretical basis for large-scale cultivation and reasonable planting areas division of C. esculentus in Xinjiang. Two kinds of neutral salts (NaCl and Na₂SO₄) and two alkaline salts (NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃) were used to prepare the corresponding solution at the ratio of 2:1 for stress treatment. The low, medium and high concentrations were 80, 160, 320 mmol·L^-1 and 40, 80, 120 mmol·L^-1, respectively for salt and alkaline stress treatments. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence parameters were measured after 15 days of seedling emergence. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (Chl T), carotenoid content (Car), net photosynthesis (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r) were decreased, while the maximum fluorescence (F_m), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) , maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were inhibited, and non regulatory energy dissipation (Y(NO)) was increased with the stress degree increasing. We observed that P_n positively correlated with G_s, T_r, Chl a (P<0.01), and with Car， Chl T， F_m， ΦPSⅡ， qP at 0.05 level， but negatively correlated with Y(NO). These results suggested that the main reason of the decrease of photosynthetic rate under saline-alkali stress is related to the decrease of G_s, T_r and Chl a. Moreover, the dynamic balance of water supply and photosynthetic system could be maintained by reducing G_s, T_r, leaf water content (WC), increasing water use efficiency (WUE) and initiating heat. There was higher inhibition degree of alkaline stress than that of salt stress at the same concentration.