To improve rapeseed resistance to clubroot, Huashuang 5R （carrying PbBa8.1 locus） and Huayouza 62R （carrying CRb locus） were used as donor parents for transferring resistant genes into Y522R. The strategy was combined with successive backcross and marker-assisted selection. By the process, 3 near isogenic lines Y522R ^PbBa8.1, Y522R ^CRb and Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb （containing PBba8.1, CRb, and PbBa8.1+CRb respectively） were obtained, with more than 90% genetic background recover rate. Subsequently, 3 clubroot resistant new hybrids Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1, Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb were derived from these near isogenic lines and RG430A （female parent of Shengguang 168）. The clubroot resistance of the above lines （as Y522R ^PbBa8.1, Y522R ^CRb, Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb,Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1, Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb ） was identified by using Race 4 （the dominant physiological race in China）. Results showed that Y522R ^CRb, Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb and their hybrids （Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb ） had immunity to Race 4. Although Y522R ^PbBa8.1 and hybrid Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1 were susceptible to Race 4, their levels of the resistance were still significantly higher than those of the control （Y522R and Shengguang 168）. Evaluation of agronomic traits showed that no significant differences were observed between the improved lines and Y522R, neither between the improved hybrids and Shengguang 168. The traits included flowering days, plant height, effective branches, silique length, seeds per silique and thousand seeds weight. Thus laid an important foundation for cultivation of excellent rape varieties resistant to clubroot.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop which has the largest planting area in China. In recent years however, several factors, such as labour shortage, low planting benefit and motivation of farmers, lead to expansion of winter fallow field year by year. This present paper studied its greater advantages of rapeseed on land use and conservation, mainly including its ability of optimizing soil structure, increasing soil nutrients (as green manure), and improving soil fertility. Meanwhile, due to its superior adaptability to environment, oilseed rape could apply as pioneer crop to amending the obstacle soil, and thus the natural resources (light, heat, water, and soil) in winter could be efficiently utilized. Winter oilseed rape does not compete with grain for land use and has the greatest potential to exploit winter fallow field for both benefiting the subsequent crops and taking full of its advantage in land conservation. It is of great significance to promote high yield of grain and oil, in order to ensure both security of edible oil supply and sustainable agricultural development in China.

The additional lines of Brassica napus with one specific chromosome of the medicinal plant songlan （Isatis indigotica） showed particular antiviral activity, but the nutrients, yield of bolts （vegetable parts）, and comprehensive benefits remain to study. In this study, antiviral addition line Songyou 1 （used as paternal plant）, and nuclear sterility line Chuan A-3 （used as maternal plant） were crossed to selected Songyou 2 as experimental material. Yield and quality of seeds and vegetable bolts, the agronomic characteristics, and comprehensive benefits were investigated. Results showed that 48.56% plants presented chromosome-specific SSR fragments of songlan. As vegetables, contents of vitamin C and zinc were higher in bolts than those of broccoli （1-1-5）, cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）. Amino acids and protein contents were higher in bolts than those of cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）, comparable to broccoli （1-1-5）. The average start-cutting days of sprouts were 117 d, with vegetable bolt yield of 16 908.8 kg/hm², increased by 75.1% compared with oilseed-vegetables cultivation control. Compared with oilseeds cultivation, the final-flowering period was postponed by 6-10 days, and plant height, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, plant yield and oil content were reduced significantly. The predicted biomass at final flowering period was 124.3 t/hm². The seeds yield was 1127.3 kg/hm², increased by 16.4% compared with oilseeds-vegetable cultivation control, but decreased by 42.3% compared with the oilseeds cultivation. However, compared with oilseeds cultivation, the average comprehensive benefit of oilseeds-vegetables cultivation was 108 892.4 RMB yuan/hm², increased by 92 920.4 yuan/hm². The dual-purpose cultivation for oilseeds and vegetables of Songyou 2 had great sense for both human health and rapeseed cultivation.

Oil-vegetable-dual-usage is one of the important purpose for multifunctional utilization of rapeseed （Brasscia napus L.）. The approach effectively drives the development of rapeseed industry and enhances the income of planter. To provide reference data to improve quality and efficiency, and to promote revitalization of rapeseed industry, this review discusses the oil-vegetable-dual-usage model of double-low rapeseed and reviews its developing process, feasibility analysis, quality and picking, as well as variety breeding, and cultivation technology. In addition, considering the problems of the oil-vegetable-dual-usage model with respect to brand management, cultivation technology, policy support and market demand, this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions, including strengthening brand management and policy support, and standardizing production mode.

Torreya grandis kernel oil has abundant unsaturated fatty acid and is rich in tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol and other active substances. Furthermore, T. grandis kernel oil has antioxidative, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-parasitic and other bioactivities. It is considered to be a kind of woody edible oil with high nutritional value. From these aspects of nutrient compositions, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of T. grandis kernel oil, the research on T. grandis kernel oil at home and abroad for the past few years were reviewed. It aims to provide theoretical reference for the further research of T. grandis kernel oil and its comprehensive utilization, and its future research priorities were prospected.

To guide classification of peanut germplasm resources, principal component and cluster analysis were applied on 11 Jihua varieties with high oleic acid by using 3 years phenotype and re-sequencing data. Results showed that oil content variation coefficient among 15 traits was the smallest at 1.91%. The variation of yield characteristics was greater than quality except linoleic acid content. The positive correlation coefficient between hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight was extremely significant, and oleic acid content had a significant negative correlation with linoleic acid content. The cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 78.99%. Cultivars were classified using phenotype traits, and the results were partially consistent with pedigree relationships. After data control, 320 000 high-quality SNP sites with uniform density distribution were obtained. 4 categories were from 11 varieties via genotype data. Meanwhile, varieties derived from the same combination were divided into one category, thus the results are consistent with variety pedigree relationship. Therefore, genotype data is more accurately on reflecting genetic basis of the varieties, and could provide reference for germplasm resources classification and utilization.

DELLA is a main regulator of interaction between plants and environment and plant development. It is a negative regulatory protein involved in gibberellin signaling pathway and plays an important role in affecting the expression of plant hormone related genes and regulating symbiosis establishment and growth and development between plants and microorganisms. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene structure, location information, protein structure, conserved motif phylogenetic tree, cis elements, synteny analyses and gene expression of DELLA gene family in soybean. The results showed that DELLA gene family has seven members in soybean genome, which were located on seven different chromosomes. These genes had a single exon and N-terminal DELLA domain, and similar motif distribution, which proved that DELLA gene family was highly conserved. The phylogenetic tree showed that this family had three subfamilies. It’s promoter region contained a large number of cis acting elements, including elements involved in plant hormone response, drought induction and light response. Soybean DELLA genes Glyma.11G216500, Glyma.18G040000, Glyma.08G095800 and Glyma.05G140400 displayed better synteny with AT1G14920, AT1G66350 and AT2G01570 in Arabidopsis. Glyma.18G040000 and Glyma.11G216500 were expressed in various tissues of soybean, and the expression amount was relatively high. The above conclusions enrich our understanding of soybean DELLA gene family and lay a light on the further study of soybean DELLA gene function.

Peanut bacterial wilt is a worldwide disease, which occurs in more than 20 countries around the world and seriously affects the yield and quality of peanut. This article refers to related literature, summarizes the research reports on peanut bacterial wilt in China, describes the occurrence and distribution of peanut bacterial wilt, pathogenic bacteria and its harmful symptoms, and the law of transmission and epidemics. The research progress of peanut bacterial wilt control methods and resistance breeding are also reviewed, the research direction of peanut bacterial wilt is prospected. It aims to provide a reference for the comprehensive control of peanut bacterial wilt in China.

In order to find out acid aluminum tolerance soybean germplasm in Sichuan-Chongqing region, and to discover candidate genes for tolerance, 201 soybean bred lines and local varieties from Sichuan-Chongqing region were selected and identified. Hydroponic experiment was carried out to identify seedling tolerance using relative elongation of the main roots as index. Genome-wide association analysis was performed using 83 622 SNP markers. Results showed that the average relative elongation of the main roots of 201 Sichuan-Chongqing resources was 77.00%, the variation range was 13.0% to 98.6%, the coefficient of variation was 17.6%, and the generalized heritability was 93.2%. Among them, the relative elongation of the main roots of 6 soybean lines were above 95.0%, showing extremely high tolerant to acid aluminum. The relative elongation of the main roots of 2 resources were less than 20.0%, indicating their extreme sensitive to acid aluminum environment. Using 0.0001 as threshold of significant association sites, 4 SNP sites were detected simultaneously. Using GLM and MLM models, the 4 SNPs were located in the 4 haplotype blocks on chromosomes 2, 11, and 20, respectively. Seven candidate genes were searched from 4 haplotype blocks. With reference to the functional annotation and transcription expression level of the candidate genes, it could be predicted that Glyma.02g211800 and Glyma.20g185500 were candidate genes for soybean acid aluminum tolerance response and physiological regulation.

Peanut southern blight is an important soil-borne fungal disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, widely distributed in most peanut producing countries. During the past decade, it has become an important disease which restricted peanut production in China, and causing significantly economic losses. In this review, characteristics, pathogenicity differentiation, and factors affecting disease development of peanut southern blight were discussed in order to provide reference for prevention and control of the disease.

According to the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China,since May 2017, China has changed the original approval management of rapeseed varieties to registration management. Up to July 2021, a total of 1212 rapeseed varieties have been registered in China. In order to reveal the rapeseed breeding level and to perfect the function of variety registration system, it was reviewed on current situation of rapeseed varieties registered in China with suggestions. Based on the data, nearly half of the registered varieties were newly bred, mainly self bred Brassica napus hybrid varieties （except one from abroad）, registered in provinces of the main production areas. Cold resistance trait received more attention. Disease resistance was enhanced. Oil content was significantly improved, and the quality was significantly improved as well. Problems included that most varieties were not applied for variety right protection, few varieties had short growth period which was becoming important. Thus we suggested to improve the process of variety registration system, including to revise the registration rules and guidelines soon. Considering the breeding direction, we suggested to strengthen the breeding on 3 features: short growth period, mechanized planting, and multifunction (for vegetable, green fertilizer and forage, etc.) for promoting high-quality development of China's rapeseed industry.

Thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt virus （TSWV） is one of the major viruses causing significant loss on peanut in the world. Many progresses have been made in detection, etiology, epidemiology, and integrated management of TSWV on peanut in the past four decades. In this paper, the major advancements on epidemiology, agricultural measurement, chemical control and resistance breeding were reviewed. In recent years, TSWV has been found in various crops in different regions of China, indicating that China peanut production is facing an increasingly potential threaten from TSWV. The symptoms of TSWV on peanut observed in Dalian in 2021 were described briefly. It is recommended to start the study on peanut TSWV in China.

As an newly important woody oil crop in China, Swida wilsoniana is of great significance for national oil safety. Great achievements in the foundational research and industrial utilization of S. wilsoniana have been made in recent years, these achievements significantly promoted its research process on plant growth and development, as well as genetic background, oil biosynthesis and regulation, oil extraction and ingredient analysis, and oil industrial transformation. In this paper, research progress of S. wilsoniana were reviewed in agronomic characteristics and tissue anatomy, physiological and biochemical characteristics, genetic background and functional genes, fruit development and components accumulation, oil extraction process, oil composition analysis, and oil application, in order to provide references for the deepening and expansion of future research.

To promote the application of spectral remote sensing on rapid nondestructive spectral monitoring for peanut production, sensitive vegetation indices and their optimal bandwidths for estimating peanut leaf area index （LAI） and aboveground biomass （AGB） were investigated. Peanut LAI, AGB and hyperspectral reflectance data, were collected from 2 field experiments encompass variations in 2 years, with 2 cultivars and 4 nitrogen application rates. Sensitive vegetation indices for LAI and AGB were identified and effect of optimal bandwidths on sensitive vegetation indices were analyzed using the in-site dataset. Results showed that the normalized difference red edge （NDRE（λ₇₉₀, λ₇₂₀）） was the most sensitive vegetation index for both LAI and AGB. Nevertheless, in the exploration of bandwidth based on data from an independent experiment, the normalized difference red edge （NDRE（λ₇₉₀-b_33,λ₇₂₀-b₅₃））, which contains the 790 nm central band （λ₇₉₀） with 33 nm bandwidth （b₃₃） and 720 nm central band （λ₇₂₀） with 53 nm bandwidth （b₅₃）, exhibited greater practicability in LAI estimation with a determination coefficient （R²） of 0.7482 and a relative root mean square error （RRMSE） of 13.88%. The normalized difference red edge （NDRE（λ₇₉₀-b₈₉, λ₇₂₀-b₈₉））, which contains the 790 nm central band （λ₇₉₀） with 89 nm bandwidth （b₈₉） and 720 nm central band （λ₇₂₀） with 89 nm bandwidth （b₈₉）, performed best for monitoring AGB （R²= 0.7103, RRMSE=20.42%）. Considering the accuracy and convenience in application, it was demonstrated that NDRE（λ₇₉₀-b_33,λ₇₂₀-b₅₃） and NDRE（λ₇₉₀-b₈₉, λ₇₂₀-b₈₉） could be used to monitor peanut LAI and AGB with estimation models of LAI=0.0296×exp^{（14.365×NDRE）} and AGB= 0.6240×exp^{（20.222×NDRE）}, respectively.

The primer quality is one of the important factors affecting PCR reaction. The shortcomings of current primer design software mainly lie in relatively low throughput, complicated operation process and less extent of source opening. In this study, a high-throughput primer designing software （LightPrimer） was developed for cloning, quantitative real time PCR （qRT-PCR）, SNP and InDel markers development based on R and Local-BLAST. LightPrimer extracts specific sequences from the working genome via sequence information, followed by sequence fragmentation, Then basic local alignment between fragmentated sequences and the genome is performed by Local-BLAST, screening of highly specific fragmentated sequences which are filtrated through sequence specificity index and matched loci. After that a list of candidate primers is to be obtained by filtration of Tm, GC content, amplicon length, primer length, 3' end matching, GC end base and dimer screening. The sequence evaluation diagnostic plot could provide a reference for primer optimization if no target primers were obtained. LightPrimer is of high throughput, simple operation process, cross platform and open source, which could be a useful supplement to the existing primer design software. The LightPrimer can be downloaded from gitHub （https://github.com/YangtzeSoyGDB/LightPrimer.git）.

This paper defines the connotation of ideal type of rapeseed （Brassica napus） plant and emphasizes the multi-functionality of rapeseed and the functional specificity of its ideal type of plant. The ideal type of rapeseed is defined as the plant form that realizes some function of rapeseed and facilitates the maximization of relevant economic benefits. The relationship between the two dimensions of plant type per plant and population was clarified. The basic context of research on the type of rapeseed plants was combed, and four stages of research on the types of ideal rapeseeds were introduced, including the primary, mature, digital and molecular biotechnology stages. An index system of the types of rapeseed plants was constructed, including the roots, stems, leaves, branches, flowers, pods and canopy structure. These structures were summarized and examined by morphometry, summarization of the experiment, experimental statistics, digital simulation, cultivation regulation and genetic improvements in plant type. A classification of the basic principles for research on the types of rape plants was proposed, including those of photosynthetic efficiency, morphological structure, source-sink-flow, and principles of crop physiology. The characteristics and connotation of four typical types of ideal rapeseed based on high grain yield, mechanical direct seeding, vegetable or forage, and ornamental properties were introduced. The shortcomings in the study of rapeseed plant types were analyzed, the basic characteristics, construction strategies and the research trend of ideal type of rapeseed plant were discussed and proposed.

Flax is one of the important oil crops in Northwest and North China. For its resistance to barren, wide use and high value, it has been planted and applied in more than 50 countries in the world. Flax mechanized efficient harvesting technology and supporting equipment is important to realize the whole mechanized production of flax. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign flax research institutions and different mechanized harvesting patterns, research progress on key technology and equipment for mechanized flax harvesting was emphatically expounded. Operation characteristics of various harvesting techniques and supporting equipment of flax were analyzed in detail. And the operation characteristics of different flax harvesting equipment at home and abroad were compared. Combined with the actual production and application of the existing problems and needs, the research emphases and development direction of mechanized flax harvesting in the future were discussed, in order to provide reference for the construction of flax mechanized production technology and equipment system.

With the increase of the population of lactose intolerance and vegetarians, as well as the demands for functional foods, plant-based milk beverage was remarkably developed. Based on the unique nutritional characteristics of flaxseeds and hemp seeds rich in omega-3, experiments were carried on to explore the influences of shear and grinding time （1-9 min） and proportion of hemp seed added （1/2-1/6） on stability of flaxseed–hemp plant-based milk （FHPM）. And their influence on dissolution of nutrients from the milk was analyzed. Thus the final optimization group （shear and grinding 3 min, hemp seed : flaxseed = 1:5） was found and fully characterized on its nutrients and flavor components. Results showed that as the shear and grinding time increased, the stability of the plant-based milk decreased. When greater than 3 min, a relatively obvious stratification and flocculation phenomenon appeared. During 1-3 minutes, the shear and grinding time significantly influenced of the dissolution of protein, fat, dietary fiber, total phenol and lignans. With the increase of the proportion of hemp seed in the milk, contents of protein and oil increased significantly, but the self-stability of plant-based milk decreased significantly, which was related to the viscosity, particle size, zeta-potential, particle composition and other physical and chemical properties of plant-based milk system. For the final optimization group, milk characteristics included particle size （4.53 μm）, potential （-32.15 mV）, solid content （5.17 g/100 mL）, protein （1.32 g/100 g）, fat content （3.45 g/100 g）, dietary fiber content （0.47 g/100 g） and carbohydrate content （0.57 g/100 g）. Plant-based milk possessed appropriate viscosity and could be stably stored at 4℃ for 21 days without external stabilizer. Flavor and composition showed that the milk contained small molecule ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and so on, showing good flavor of fruit and flower, and had reasonable composition of amino acids and fatty acids.

As an important oil crop, Brassica napus provides raw material for vegetable oil and extraction meal as feed, food and fuel worldwide, and has a high economic value. To efficiently identify rapeseed varieties and improve the management of rapeseed varieties, we performed genome-wide re-sequencing for 505 B. napus accessions and identified a core set of SNPs for DNA fingerprint construction. A total of 897 core SNPs were obtained after strict filtering. Detection of 505 B. napus accessions using these 897 core SNPs combination, the average value of MAF was 0.41, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.474. There was at least one different locus between B. napus accessions pairs, and 90% pairs showed 357-508 different loci. Based on these core SNPs, the fingerprint was constructed. Moreover, we obtained the simplified 17 SNPs by reducing the SNP markers, which could fully identify the set of 505 B. napus germplasm. This study provides a reference for genetic diversity analysis, molecular identification and genetic improvement in B. napus.

In the early stage of this study, a DH population containing 282 lines was constructed by microspore culture with Zhongshuang 11 （ZS11） as female parent and QU as male parent. Through the investigation of two environmental phenotypes and DH genotyping, the chlorophyll content （SPAD value） of Brassica napus leaves was analyzed and located, and a main QTL was obtained in the range of A2 chromosome 21.87-22.91 Mb. In order to further clarify the relationship between chlorophyll content and yield of Brassica napus, the near isogenic line population constructed by chlorophyll major QTL with ZS11 as recurrent parent were used to determine SPAD value of leaves at seedling stage, and then the correlation between SPAD value of chlorophyll and yield per plant was analyzed. The results showed that：（1） the SPAD values of DH population were normally distributed in Xining and Huzhu, the parents' SPAD values were significantly different （P<0.01）, and the higher SPAD values of F₁ showed that the trait was partially dominant, and the chlorophyll content of the same population was different under different environmental conditions. Under the condition of high altitude and low temperature, chlorophyll content increased. （2） In a certain range, the increase of chlorophyll content was helpful to improve the yield of single plant, chlorophyll SPAD value was positively correlated with plant yield, and the correlation coefficient increased with the decrease of sample size. （3） There was significant difference in yield per plant between two groups of near isogenic lines with different genotypes （P<0.01）. （4） According to the confidence interval of genetic linkage map, two co-dominant InDel markers with good polymorphism and six SNP markers with good typing based on KASP technology were developed as candidate markers for molecular mark assisted breeding.