为芝麻的遗传改良提供参考，分析2007-2017年全国（北方片）芝麻品种区域试验数据，探讨北方芝麻产区育种变化趋势。利用多元逐步回归、相关分析等方法，对参试品种的主要农艺性状、产量性状进行比较与分析，对通过鉴定的16个品种进行品质性状和抗病性分析，剖析北方芝麻产区高产优质育种的变化规律。结果表明：11年间共有41个品种参加了全国（北方片）芝麻区域试验，16个品种通过全国芝麻品种鉴定委员会鉴定。新育成的芝麻品种产量水平逐渐上升。随着年份的推移，参试品种和通过鉴定的品种株高、主茎果轴长、单株蒴数、生育期和产量持续增加。相关分析和多元逐步回归分析表明，主茎果轴长、单株蒴数、生育期对产量影响较大，其次为株高和千粒重、单株蒴数和每蒴粒数等性状。对已通过鉴定品种的品质性状及抗病性做分析，发现品质没有明显变化，抗病性呈现先下降后上升的趋势。因此认为，育种中在保证一定株高和生育期的前提下，更应注意提高品种的单株蒴果数、千粒重和每蒴粒数。生育期延长、株高增加直接影响芝麻机械化生产的发展，应以中矮秆、节间短、抗裂蒴、抗倒伏、品质优、抗病性强为主要育种目标。
The objective was to analyze the changes of yield and agronomic traits of sesame cultivars released in the region in northern China in the past 11 years. The progress and the changes of breeding traits in the northern area of sesame was discussed, in order to provide scientific evidence for genetic improvement of sesame in future. Based on data of from northern China’s cultivars participated in the adaptation regional test from 2007 to 2017 in northern China, the multiple stepwise regression, correlation analyse and other methods were used to compare agro⁃ nomic traits and grain yield traits, including resistance of 16 identified species. The traits were analyzed for quality and disease resistance. The changes of sesame high-yield and high-quality breeding in northern sesame production areas were studied. Results showed that totally 41 varieties participated the regional test from 2007 to 2017. 16 vari⁃ eties were identified by the National Sesame Variety Identification Committee. The yield of newly bred sesame vari⁃ eties had gradually increased. Year by year, 4 traits increased including number of candidated varieties, plant stem kength, number of individual plants, and growth period. Correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regressioanalysis showed that main stem length, capsules per plant, and growth duration had greater impacts on yield, fol⁃ lowed by other traits such as plant height and 1000-grain weight. According to their quality analysis and disease re⁃ sistance, no significant quality improvement was found in the past 11 years. The disease resistance initially de⁃
creased and then increased, but yield in this area increased year by year. The main factors affecting yield were found including plant height and growth duration, followed by single plant number, 1000-grain weight and seed per capsule. In conclusion, under the premise of ensuring certain plant height and growth duration, 3 traits could be in⁃creased including capsule numbers per plant, 1000-grain weight and seeds per capsule. The extended of growth pe⁃riod and the increase of plant height directly affected the development of mechanized production of sesame. The
main breeding objectives should be medium-dwarf stalk, short internode, closed carp, excellent quality and strong disease resistance.
PDF(1072 KB)
