
芥甘杂交创制新型甘蓝型油菜的表型多样性分析
宋丰萍, 程嘉庆, 刘振兴, 程志强, 程田田, 蒙祖庆
中国油料作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6) : 971-981.
芥甘杂交创制新型甘蓝型油菜的表型多样性分析
Phenotypic diversity analysis of new rapeseed germplasm materials derived from interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea × B. napus
为拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传背景,明确油菜新种质表型变异水平,筛选优异基因资源,本研究利用芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜种间杂交创制新型甘蓝型油菜54个品系进行田间表型鉴定,分析其表型多样性水平及其性状间相互关系。结果表明,(1)22个数量性状的变异系数范围为4%~99%,遗传多样性指数1.64~2.04;22个形态特征性状的遗传多样性指数为0~1.86。其中角果长度、单株有效角果数、单株产量、生育期、有效分枝高度、蛋白质含量和含油量等7个性状的多样性水平高于国内外已报道的其他甘蓝型油菜的多样性水平,表明芥甘种间杂交能够创制丰富的遗传变异,拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传背景。(2)主成分分析将44个表型性状转化为10个综合指标,其中主花序有效角果数、单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、单株产量芥酸、亚油酸、油酸、蛋白质、含油量等与产量和品质相关性状是反映新型甘蓝型油菜表型特征的主要差异指标,表明通过这些产量和品质性状的选择可获得目标品系。(3)受甘蓝型油菜定向选育的影响,本试验参试材料具有偏向甘蓝型油菜的表型特点;聚类分析综合44个表型性状将54个参试油菜品系划分为3个类群,其中29个品系与甘蓝型油菜亲本聚为一类,代表了甘蓝型油菜亲本群;18个品系聚为一类,与甘蓝型油菜亲本类群距离较远,营养生长无优势,产量较低,综合性状较差;7个品系聚为一类,与甘蓝型油菜亲本类群距离较近,表现较强的营养生长优势和丰产特点,综合性状优良,可作进一步选育对象,为西藏高产优质甘蓝型油菜品系的选育奠定种质基础。
In order to broaden the genetic background of Brassica napus, 54 new lines of B. napus were created by interspecific hybridization between B. juncea and B. napus, and their phenotypic diversity was analyzed. The results showed that, (1) the variation coefficient of 22 quantitative traits ranged from 1.64 to 2.04. The genetic diversity index of 22 morphological traits ranged from 0 to 1.86. Among them, the diversity level of silique length, siliques per plant, seeds weight per plant, growth duration, branch height, protein content and oil content were higher than those of other B. napus reported at home and abroad, which indicated that interspecific hybridization between B. juncea and B. napus could create rich genetic variation and broaden the genetic background of B. napus. (2) Principal component analysis transformed 44 phenotypic traits into 10 comprehensive indexes. The yield and quality related traits such as silique number of the main inflorescence, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, erucic acid , linoleic acid, oleic acid, protein, oil content and other yield and quality related traits were the main indicators reflecting the phenotypic characteristics of new type B. napus. The target line might be obtained by selecting. (3) Affected by the directional breeding of B. napus, the materials tested in this experiment have the phenotypic characteristics biased to B. napus. Cluster analysis integrated 44 phenotypic characteristics, and divided 54 lines into 3 groups, of which 29 lines and parents of B. napus were clustered into one group, representing the parent group of B. napus. The 18 lines were clustered into one group, which was far away from the parent of B. napus group, having less advantage in vegetative growth, and poor comprehensive characteristics with low yield. The 7 lines were clustered into the same group, which was close to B. napus parent, having strong nutritional growth advantage with high yield. For the 7 lines had excellent comprehensive characteristics, they might be used as further breeding objects in this area.
甘蓝型油菜新种质 / 表型多样性 / 主成分分析 / 聚类分析 {{custom_keyword}} /
new rapeseed germplasm / phenotypic diversity / principal component analysis / cluster analysis {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 形态特征性状赋值表及多样性指数Table 1 Assignment table of morphological traits and genetic diversity index |
性状Traits | 性状赋值分级 Classification of traits description | 多样性指数Diversity index | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
1 | 子叶形状 Cotyledon shape | 心脏形Heart | 肾脏形 Kidney | 叉形Fork | 1.56 | ||
2 | 心叶色Cordate leaf color | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 绿色Green | 紫色Purple | 1.5 | ||
3 | 真叶刺毛Spiny hair | 无None | 少Little | 多Many | 0.91 | ||
4 | 基叶叶形Basal leaf shape | 完整叶Entire | 裂叶Lacerate | 花叶Parted | 0.55 | ||
5 | 叶色Leaf color | 浅绿 Light-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 深绿Dark-green | 紫红 Purple | 0.93 | |
6 | 叶脉色Leaf vein color | 白色White | 绿色Green | 紫色Purple | 0.13 | ||
7 | 叶柄横切面形状 Petiole section | 圆形Round | 半圆形 Semi-round | 扁平形Flat | 0.94 | ||
8 | 叶缘形状 Leaf margin shape | 全缘 Entire | 锯齿Dentate | 波状 Undulate | 缺刻 Doubly dentate | 1.47 | |
9 | 叶尖形状Leaf apex shape | 圆Round | 中等 Intermediate | 尖Acute | 1.05 | ||
10 | 蜡粉Quantity of wax | 无None | 少Little | 多Many | 0 | ||
11 | 薹茎叶形状 Shape of sterm-leaf | 披针形 Needle | 狭长三角形 Long-triangle | 剑形 Sword | 1.56 | ||
12 | 薹茎叶着生状态 Attaching patter of stem-leaf | 不包茎 on-clasping | 半包茎 Semi-clasping | 全包茎 Full-clasping | 0 | ||
13 | 花冠大小Corolla size | 小Small | 中Middle | 大Big | 1.55 | ||
14 | 花瓣颜色Petal color | 白色White | 乳白 Milk-white | 黄色 Yellow | 橘黄 Orange | 0.13 | |
15 | 花瓣形状Petal shape | 圆形Round | 椭圆Elipse | 球拍 Racket | 窄长 Narrow-long | 1.86 | |
16 | 花瓣形态Petal character | 平展 Flat | 皱缩 Crimple | 0.31 | |||
17 | 花瓣着生状态Petals growth pattern | 分离 Apart | 覆瓦 Tile | 侧叠 Overlapping | 1.42 | ||
18 | 幼茎色Young-stem color | 绿色 Green | 微紫 Shallow purple | 紫色 Purple | 0.98 | ||
19 | 薹茎色Stem color | 绿色 Green | 微紫 Shallow purple | 紫色 Purple | 0.68 | ||
20 | 苗期生长习性 Growth habit | 匍匐 Grovel | 半直立Half-erection | 直立 Erection | 0.87 | ||
21 | 角果着生状态 Silique angular | 平生 Flat | 斜生 Inclined | 直生 Straight | 垂生 Droop | 1.32 | |
22 | 角果色Silique color | 黄色 Yellow | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 微紫 Shallow-purple | 0.97 |
表2 数量性状观测值等级划分Table 2 Classification of observed values of quantitative traits |
等级 Class | 性状观测值 Phenotypic observation |
---|---|
1 | Xi≤X-2s |
2 | X-2s<Xi≤X-1.5s |
3 | X-1.5s<Xi≤X-s |
4 | X-s<Xi≤X-0.5s |
5 | X-0.5s<Xi≤X |
6 | X<Xi≤X+0.5s |
7 | X+0.5s<Xi≤X+s |
8 | X+s<Xi≤X+1.5s |
9 | X+1.5s<Xi≤X+2s |
10 | Xi≥X-2s |
图1 形态特征性状变异类型分布Fig. 1 Distribution of morphological traits in new type repeseed |
表3 数量性状描述统计与多样性指数Table 3 Descriptive statistics and diversity index of quantitative traits |
性状 Properties | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 多样性指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max | Mix | Average | SD | CV | Diversity Index | |
茎粗 Stem diameter / mm | 22.25 | 10.10 | 14.01 | 2.18 | 0.16 | 1.95 |
株高Plant hight /cm | 188.36 | 120.69 | 148.24 | 15.02 | 0.10 | 2.01 |
主花序长度Main inforescence length /cm | 76.38 | 44.07 | 59.91 | 7.65 | 0.13 | 2.01 |
一次有效分枝数Valid primary branch number | 12.33 | 4.67 | 7.74 | 1.44 | 0.19 | 1.96 |
二次有效分枝数Valid secondary branch number | 18.67 | 3.34 | 10.23 | 3.51 | 0.34 | 1.95 |
一次有效分枝高度Branch height /cm | 68.41 | 3.67 | 31.22 | 14.97 | 0.48 | 2.00 |
角果长度Silique length /cm | 11.63 | 5.44 | 8.08 | 1.58 | 0.20 | 2.04 |
每角果粒数Seeds per silique | 34.63 | 19.44 | 27.10 | 3.45 | 0.13 | 1.96 |
主花序有效角果数Silique number of the main inflorescence | 87.00 | 38.22 | 56.78 | 9.69 | 0.17 | 2.03 |
单株有效角果数Siliques per plant | 763.78 | 220.89 | 449.18 | 136.66 | 0.30 | 1.98 |
着果密度Silique density(个/cm) | 1.64 | 0.60 | 0.96 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 1.98 |
千粒重1000-seeds weight /g | 5.42 | 2.74 | 3.86 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 2.01 |
单株产量 Seeds weight per plant /g | 55.29 | 12.21 | 28.62 | 9.64 | 0.34 | 1.98 |
总花期Florescence period /d | 32.00 | 16.00 | 22.87 | 3.45 | 0.15 | 1.98 |
生育期Growth duration /d | 125.00 | 102.00 | 119.07 | 4.50 | 0.04 | 1.93 |
蛋白含量Protein content /(μmol/g) | 31.75 | 14.55 | 20.92 | 3.93 | 0.19 | 2.02 |
含油量Oil content / % | 51.50 | 34.63 | 44.79 | 4.53 | 0.10 | 1.97 |
芥酸Erucic acid /% | 35.78 | -1.59 | 10.70 | 10.64 | 0.99 | 1.64 |
硫苷总量Qlucosinolates Content /(μmol/g) | 102.94 | 19.40 | 57.97 | 25.04 | 0.43 | 1.98 |
亚麻酸 Linolenic acid / % | 11.56 | 6.86 | 8.94 | 1.06 | 0.12 | 1.98 |
亚油酸Linoleic acid / % | 19.80 | 5.61 | 12.30 | 2.70 | 0.22 | 1.99 |
油酸Oleic acid /% | 69.52 | 23.44 | 51.54 | 13.54 | 0.26 | 1.90 |
表4 参试的54份油菜品系各表型性状的主成分载荷与贡献率Table 4 Factor loading matrix and contribution rate of traits of 54 tested rapeseed lines |
性状Trait | 主成分Factor | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
子叶形状CotS | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.29 | -0.44 | -0.27 | 0.31 | -0.34 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
心叶色CLC | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.2 | -0.01 | -0.34 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.17 |
真叶刺毛SH | 0.33 | 0.16 | -0.16 | -0.07 | -0.26 | -0.06 | -0.22 | 0.2 | 0.57 | -0.02 |
基叶叶形BLS | 0.34 | 0.46 | -0.12 | 0.28 | -0.14 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.2 | -0.13 | 0.23 |
叶色LC | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.29 | -0.11 | -0.23 | 0.15 | -0.13 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.21 |
叶脉色LVC | 0.15 | -0.2 | -0.22 | 0.23 | -0.26 | 0.31 | -0.17 | -0.3 | -0.22 | 0.05 |
叶柄横切面形状PetSe | -0.13 | 0.28 | -0.1 | 0.02 | -0.14 | -0.02 | 0.23 | 0.29 | -0.35 | 0.36 |
叶缘形状LMS | 0.16 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.19 | 0.06 | 0.26 | -0.16 | -0.29 | 0.15 | 0.18 |
叶尖形状LAS | 0.12 | 0.05 | -0.13 | 0.02 | -0.32 | 0.04 | 0.21 | -0.53 | -0.02 | -0.04 |
蜡粉QW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
薹茎叶形状SLS | 0.21 | -0.12 | -0.08 | -0.18 | 0.1 | -0.27 | -0.14 | 0.01 | -0.15 | -0.26 |
薹茎叶着生状态APSL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
花冠大小CorS | 0.12 | -0.25 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.53 | -0.13 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.11 |
花瓣颜色PetC | -0.25 | -0.13 | 0.12 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 0.22 | -0.38 | -0.14 | 0.13 | 0.2 |
花瓣形状PetS | 0.12 | 0.06 | -0.31 | 0.48 | -0.27 | -0.3 | -0.23 | -0.13 | -0.22 | -0.27 |
花瓣形态PetCh | 0.08 | 0.17 | -0.21 | -0.52 | -0.28 | -0.04 | 0.36 | 0.05 | -0.16 | -0.2 |
花瓣着生状态PGP | -0.2 | -0.06 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.54 |
幼茎色YSC | -0.11 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.34 | -0.22 | 0.4 | -0.35 |
薹茎色SteC | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.4 | 0.12 | -0.13 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.02 | -0.17 |
苗期生长习性GH | -0.27 | 0.24 | 0.12 | -0.33 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.11 | -0.39 | -0.2 |
角果着生状态SA | 0.12 | -0.03 | 0.21 | -0.37 | 0.3 | 0.01 | -0.2 | -0.17 | -0.04 | 0.33 |
角果色SilC | -0.06 | -0.12 | 0.11 | 0.45 | -0.37 | -0.11 | -0.28 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.04 |
茎粗SteD | 0.52 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.14 | 0.29 | -0.03 | 0.2 | 0.12 | -0.2 | -0.01 |
株高PH | 0.6 | 0.16 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.08 | -0.07 | -0.12 | -0.17 |
主花序长度MIL | 0.04 | -0.23 | 0.49 | -0.18 | 0.36 | -0.19 | -0.11 | 0.32 | 0.09 | -0.37 |
一次有效分枝数VPBN | 0.66 | -0.12 | -0.22 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.04 | -0.26 | -0.04 | 0.18 |
二次有效分枝数VSBN | 0.49 | -0.5 | -0.39 | -0.17 | 0.12 | -0.18 | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
有效分枝高度BH | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.4 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.43 | 0.1 | -0.14 | -0.09 | -0.13 |
角果长度SL | -0.39 | -0.3 | 0.14 | 0.45 | -0.02 | -0.24 | 0.08 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
每角果粒数SPS | -0.35 | 0.35 | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 0.51 | -0.23 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
主花序有效角果数SNMI | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.32 | -0.12 | 0.21 | -0.13 | -0.06 | 0.09 | 0.26 | -0.18 |
单株有效角果数VSPP | 0.75 | -0.36 | -0.08 | -0.09 | 0.27 | -0.24 | -0.02 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
着果密度SD | 0.68 | 0.38 | -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.26 | -0.12 | 0.2 | -0.05 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
千粒重KSW | -0.42 | -0.26 | 0.03 | 0.45 | 0.04 | -0.07 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.18 | -0.07 |
单株产量SWPP | 0.66 | -0.27 | -0.03 | 0.14 | 0.17 | -0.13 | 0.47 | -0.11 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
开花天数FP | -0.22 | -0.28 | 0.1 | -0.58 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.05 | -0.02 |
生育期GD | 0.34 | -0.14 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.15 | -0.05 | -0.09 | 0.18 | -0.34 | -0.18 |
蛋白PT | -0.06 | -0.03 | 0.6 | -0.04 | -0.15 | -0.6 | 0.07 | -0.29 | -0.02 | 0.12 |
含油量OT | -0.09 | 0.13 | -0.65 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.51 | -0.04 | 0.24 | 0.1 | -0.21 |
芥酸EA | -0.18 | 0.67 | -0.29 | 0.09 | 0.39 | -0.3 | -0.19 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.03 |
硫苷QC | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.24 | -0.36 | -0.28 | -0.04 | -0.44 | 0.19 |
亚麻酸LinolenicA | -0.2 | 0.14 | 0.34 | -0.14 | -0.16 | -0.01 | -0.29 | -0.44 | -0.03 | -0.25 |
亚油酸LinoleicA | 0.11 | -0.62 | 0.44 | 0.08 | -0.4 | 0.13 | -0.13 | -0.16 | 0 | -0.07 |
油酸OA | 0.18 | -0.59 | 0.23 | -0.1 | -0.36 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.19 | -0.25 | 0 |
特征值Numerical value | 4.86 | 3.76 | 3.22 | 3.01 | 2.51 | 2.34 | 2.18 | 1.95 | 1.75 | 1.62 |
贡献率Contribution rate/% | 11.3 | 8.74 | 7.48 | 6.99 | 5.83 | 5.43 | 5.07 | 4.53 | 4.08 | 3.78 |
累计贡献率Total account | 11.3 | 20.04 | 27.52 | 34.51 | 40.34 | 45.77 | 50.83 | 55.36 | 59.44 | 63.22 |
表5 参试油菜两类群数量性状表现Table 5 quantitative characters of two groups of tested rapeseed |
性状 Trait | 第1类群 Group 1 | 第2类群 Group 2 | 第3类群 Group 3 |
---|---|---|---|
茎粗SteD | 13.60 | 15.15 | 14.09 |
株高PH | 143.02 | 154.82 | 150.92 |
主花序长度MIL | 58.32 | 63.52 | 60.31 |
一次有效分枝数VPBN | 6.91 | 8.70 | 8.08 |
二次有效分枝数VSBN | 7.57 | 14.38 | 11.01 |
有效分枝高度BH | 34.38 | 25.78 | 30.30 |
角果长度SL | 8.73 | 8.36 | 7.59 |
每角果粒数SPS | 28.28 | 23.71 | 27.13 |
主花序有效角果数SNMI | 50.70 | 62.18 | 60.16 |
单株有效角果数VSPP | 312.90 | 713.17 | 483.87 |
着果密度SD | 0.88 | 0.99 | 1.02 |
千粒重KSW | 4.05 | 3.70 | 3.78 |
单株产量SWPP | 21.80 | 41.21 | 30.61 |
开花 d数FP | 22.78 | 24.29 | 22.67 |
生育期GD | 117.50 | 121.43 | 120.67 |
蛋白PT | 19.05 | 22.91 | 21.46 |
含油量OT | 47.35 | 42.25 | 43.91 |
芥酸EA | 12.89 | 9.93 | 9.27 |
硫苷QC | 53.66 | 53.92 | 60.79 |
亚麻酸LinolenicA | 8.95 | 8.89 | 8.91 |
亚油酸LinoleicA | 11.36 | 13.08 | 12.70 |
油酸OA | 49.50 | 50.17 | 53.48 |
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