For low cost and high yield cultivation, practised cultivation methods of perilla were studied under 5 different cultivations. Results showed that manual seedling transplantation mode has the highest yield (1 675.5 kg/hm2), but with the highest unit cost (in RMB yuan) of 15 924 yuan/hm2, and the lowest economic benefit (10 884.0 yuan/hm2). For the 2 methods of mechanical involvement, mechanical ploughing and sowing, and mechanical ploughing and manual sowing, the yields were 1 372.4 kg/hm2 and 1 317.3 kg/hm2, with unit costs of 5 202 and 5 952 yuan/hm2, and economic benefits of 16 756.4 and 15 124.8 yuan/hm2 respectively, which were significantly better than the other 3 methods. Among these 2 methods, mechanical ploughing and sowing was more suitable for larger scale of production, and mechanical ploughing and manual sowing was more suitable for mountain, slope and smaller areas. Both were ideal methods for perilla. In addition, all 5 cultivation methods had great effects on effective branch, effective panicles and seeds per panicle on the main inflorescence. These methods had less effect on plant height, thousand seeds weight and seed oil. 

介绍了秸秆快速热解液化技术及其动力学研究现状、生物油的性质与精制,提出了秸秆快速热解液化技
术存在主要问题及未来研究目标和建议。

供试19种杀菌剂对花生疮痂病防效经室内抑菌作用测定与田间小区药效试验,从中筛选出具良好效果
的托布津、世高、速克灵和多硫超微多菌灵。进一步测试表明, 70%甲基托布津(浓度为2. 00g/L)和10%世高(浓
度为1. 00g/L) ,于发病初期开始,每隔10d连续施药2次防效较好。5种药剂田间防治试验结果表明, 70%甲基托
布津可湿性粉剂2. 00g/L和10%世高水分散粒剂1. 00g/L的防效分别为80. 3%和79. 3% ,明显优于其它3种参试
药剂;与对照(CK)相比,果荚增产60. 8%和53. 9%。且世高能兼治锈病,可推广应用。

UDP-glucosyltransferase gene was cloned from peanut leaf using RACE technology and was named AhUGT83A1-like (GenBank accession KF411463). The full length cDNA of AhUGT83A1-like was 1 530bp, ORF 1 380bp, encoding 460 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that AhUGT83A1-like had the conserved UDPGT domain and shared high homology with UGT proteins from other plant species. Expression analysis indicated that AhUGT83A1-like was induced in peanut roots and leaves under both cold and salt conditions. The expression of AhUGT83A1-like was increased in drought-treated roots, but decreased in drought-treated leaves. The results suggested AhUGT83A1-like may be involved in abiotic stress regulation of peanut. In addition, AhUGT83A1-like was induced by ABA in peanut roots, which indicated that AhUGT83A1-like protein might have participated in abiotic stress regulation in the ABA-dependent pathway in peanut roots. 

Aspergillus spp. such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus can infect oil-rich crop seeds and subsequently lead to aflatoxin contamination, which has important impact on economic loss and health risk. Recent studies have revealed the role of lipoxygenases and their derivatives in signalling cross-kingdom communication between crop seeds and toxigenic Aspergillus spp. The metabolites of plant lipoxygenase pathway has a significant effect on differential processes such as HPODE, methyl jasmonate and aldehyde, which may either inhibit or stimulate fungal development and aflatoxin production. This paper reviewed the concerned research progress on lipoxygenases and their correlation with aflatoxin contamination.

对油菜来说，细胞质雄性不育决定于线粒体基因组中的不育基因，质、核基因间的互作表现在核育性恢复基因对质不育基因的表达调控上，那种认为油菜CMS的产生是简单的质核不配套、不协调的结果而完全忽略线粒体基因组中不育基因的存在与作用是不科学的。油菜CMS的产生是线粒体基因组DNA发生重排造成的，已知油菜线粒体不育基因主要有orf224、orf138|orf125、orf263、orf193、orf222等，这些基因通常与atp6、atp8或atp9等线粒体功能基因嵌合共转录，但这些基因的作用机制仍不清楚。油菜pol CMS、nap CMS和ogu CMS的育性恢复基因不直接对不育基因的转录产生作用，而表现为转录后或翻译水平上的调控，使得不育基因的表达受到抑制而恢复CMS的育性。今后一段时间油菜CMS相关研究重点在于分析不育基因的结构特征与来源，在此基础上阐述不育基因的作用机理以及育性恢复的分子机制。

Five high yield peanuts varieties, Xuhua 5, R03-3, Tangyou 4, Fenghua 5 and Shanyou 101 were selected from 109 varieties introduced from other regions of China, and their flowering characteristics in Liaoning Province were compared. Results showed that five varieties began to flower on the 27th to 36th days after seedling. Tangyou 4 flowered earliest，duration of flowering was longest (50d), total flower number (258) and effective flower (87) number per plant were higher. In comparison, Xuhua 5 and R03-3 (June 28) flowered late, duration of flowering (37 days for Xuhua 5 and 41 days for R03-3) was short, and the total number of flowers per plant (160 and 185 respectively) was small. Fenghua 5 and Shanyou 101 were intermediate in these traits. The total number of flowers on the first pair and second pair of lateral branches of Xuhua 5 accounted for 86.8% of the total flower number of the plant, representing the highest proportion among those varieties. The proportion of Shanyou101 was the lowest (74.9%). There were more flowers at the first and second nodes of the lateral branches than in other nodes, where only 2~4 flowers were detected. The flowering dynamics per 5 day for Xuhua 5, R03-3 and Fenghua 5 exhibited the single-peak curves, while the flowering dynamics for Tangyou 4 and Shanyou 101 showed bimodal curves. For all the 5 peanut varieties, after peak period, the number of flowers per plant within 5 days decreased rapidly.

The effects of drought stress simulated by 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) on physiological and biochemical traits of 14 rapeseed varieties (Brassica napus L.) were studied during germination stage. The results showed that relative vigor index of seedling varied between 0.32－0.79, and relative vigor index of 14 varieties was 0.49 on average. Drought stress affected significantly (P<0.01) seedling height, fresh weight and survival rate. Compared with control (water), 10% PEG-6000 treatment decreased seedling height by 40.68%, fresh weight by 34.2% and survival rate by 18% on average. Also, malomdiadehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein content, and electrical conductivity of rapeseed seedling increased significantly. Compared with control (water), 10% PEG-6000 treatment increased the content of MDA by 96.7%, soluble sugar by 75.0%, proline by 2204.9%, soluble protein by 56.2% and electrical conductivity by 34.8％ on average. But there were not significant differences between PEG treatment and control on numbers of adventitious roots and length of taproot. The results indicated that relative vigor index could be used as the main index of drought tolerance in rapeseed during germination stage.

Equipment was designed for peanut aflatoxins detoxification by ozonation technology. Results showed that factors including ozone accessing methods, ozone concentration, time and peanut moisture, had significant effects on detoxification. The optimal conditions was to input the ozone from the bottom at 6.0mg/L for 30 minutes and exhaust ozone from top using peanut with 5%. Moisture level. Under the given conditions, the detoxification effects of total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 were 65.88% and 65.90% respectively. Results indicated a simple, reproducibility and environment friendly technique, suitable for peanuts aflatoxins detoxification.

 To optimize hormone combination of soybean callus subculture, the hypocotyls segment of soybean seedling were used as explants, primary callus were induced. The methenatical model was established by quadratic orthogonal rotary composite experimental design and the concentration of hormones for callus subculture were optimized. Result showed than the determination conefficient R2 of the model was 0.916 1. Optimal combination of hormone for callus subculture of soybean was MS with 6-BA 0.5472 mg/L, NAA1.206 6 mg/L and 2,4-D 0.122 2mg/L.

To explore the MOE (margin of exposure) application in risk assessment of peanut aflatoxins in consumers, data of aflatoxins contamination in post-harvest peanut of China and the data of Chinese peanut consumption were collected. Based on aflatoxins toxicological data, MOE values of different regions from population of different age-groups were evaluated. Results indicated no significant difference between urban and rural regions, but children were at higher risk than other populations. Compared to low-dose extrapolation, MOE was recommended due to its effective performance in posterior analysis.
　　 

Sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) caused by fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. It is one of the most important biotic stressors affecting oilseed rape production. Breeding and cultivation of resistant varieties is the most efficient, economic and environmental friendly approach to control the disease. In this paper, research progress was reviewed in aspects of S. sclerotiorum pathogenesis, rapeseed resistance heredity, gene expression profiles responding to the disease infection and application of resistance genes in oilseed rape. 

分析了我国及世界油菜生产、菜籽及其制品消费和进出口贸易等现状，在此基础上，展望了我国油菜产业发展的前景和潜力，认为植物油产需缺口扩大、生物柴油产业发展、区域优势利用、冬闲土地开发、科技进步及外资进驻等都将促进我国油菜产业的未来发展。同时，面对当前形势，也提出了我国油菜产业发展的一些建议和对策。

Brassica napus-Xinjiang wild rape Sinapis arvensis disomic alien addition line, carrying restoring gene, has a complete chromosome set of Brassica napus and a chromosome pair of Sinapis arvensis, its bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library has been constructed with CopyControl&#8482; pCC1BAC&#8482; (Hind Ⅲ Cloning-Ready) Vector. This BAC library consists of 69,120 clones. From the analysis of randomly selected BAC clones, the average insert is estimated about 110kb. It is reported that the Brassica napus haploid genome size is 1.2×109bp, the library represents about 6.336×haploid genome equivalents. The insert is stable in a hundred generations, which provides a 99.82% probability of finding any specific genes. The results indicate that this BAC library has high quality with high coverage，it is sufficient for the target gene isolation as well as for the research of Brassica napus and Xinjiang wild rape genomes.

The pathogen causing browning of vascular system and pith of soybean in China was identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. Colonies of the isolates on PDA medium developed in the form of a flat, dense, roughly circular, white to putty-coloured or grey mat, with radial folds and a variable, usually finely lobate or notched margin. Colonies on GBA medium were white to grey, circular, with smooth edge whose mycelia adhered to medium and the aerial mycelia were sparse. On GBA medium, the conidia were produced, which are hyaline, aseptate, uniseptate or multiseptate, ovoid to elliptical, (3.0 ~ 5.1) ×(2.1 ~3.3)?m. Typical symptoms of brown stem rot occurred in 100% of seedlings when inoculated with the isolates on soybean cultivar Hefeng 25. To verify the pathogen, rDNA-ITS fragments of the isolates amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 were sequenced, and 99% of sequence similarity reached between the isolate and a Phialophora gregata isolate (GenBank Accession No. U66728.1) in Genbank. The specific 483-bp DNA products were amplified from the isolates using primers BSR1/BSR2 specific to P. gregata. The above results indicated the isolates were P. gregata.

 

Three chemical agents, GSC, SX-1 and Maiji, were applied for two years to research male sterilization on winter Brassica rapa cv Longyou 6 in northern cold regions. Results indicated that SX-1 and GSC had better inducing effects on stamens than Maiji. Concentrations of the chemical hybridizing agents (CHA), treatment period, spray times and dose had great influences on inducing effect. Tests showed that spraying twice led to the best sterilization effect. Double spray of SX-1 using 9.0 to 10.0mg/L with 3 to 4mL and 5 to 6mL per plant at budding stage and 10 to 12 days later, led to more than 95% plants being male sterile. Or, double spray of GSC using 0.6mg/L with 9 to 10mL and 15 to 16mL per plant, resulted in 98% plants being male sterile. When the dose was more than 8mL SX-1 or 20mL of GSC per plant, it would damage the plant.

In order to find new plant antibacterial peptide, whole genome of Brassica napus was scanned and analyzed by means of bioinformatics. A gene of BnPCD842895 obtained as the preliminary candidate, which had similar sequence as the known antimicrobial peptides. The BnPCD842895 gene is 189bp long, encoding 48 amino acids. The complete gene was synthesized artificially through the overlap polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and was cloned into pET30a-EDDIE-GFP expression vector. The inclusion was expressed in Escherichia coli. After in vitro protein renaturation process and self-cleavage of fusion protein EDDIE, antibacterial peptide product was obtained without amino acid wastage. Bacteriostatic activity detection results showed that BnPCD842895 had strong bacteriostatic activity both for Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria.

Peanut cultivar was used to study the effects of nitrogen levels on yield and sucrose metabolism of leaves in peanut HUA YU 17 under conditions of field cultivation. The results showed that: application nitrogen could adjust glucose Synthesis of leaves in peanut. Applying proper nitrogen could increase Sucrose Phosphate Synthesis and Sucrose Synthesis activity, promote glucose Synthesis of leaves consequently increased the yield of peanut. In the certain nitrogen amount range, all composing factors levels of peanut yield increased as adding nitrogen amount, so as to improve yield；but excessive nitrogen could decline all composing factors levels of peanut yield, decrease economic coefficient fearfully and yield. From this paper, we found that : the most proper nitrogen level was about 157.75 kg/hm2 while reaching the highest yield.

Virulence of sixty-eight fist generation single-zoospore colonies,which were segregated from seven Phytophthora sojae isolates ,were evaluateded by using wounded excised inoculation method. Among the first generation single-zoospores, there were no one having the same virulence formula as their parents, the variation reached to 100%. The virulence of the progenies was inclined to become subdued. But the virulence of first generation of single-zoospore colonies coming from the same parents exhibited higher similarity.

利用分光光度计对油菜、花生、大豆、芝麻、苏子、红花6种油料作物种子以及胡萝卜、南瓜、玉米、桔子4种果蔬进行了类胡萝卜素的含量比较分析。在6种油料作物种子中，只有油菜和大豆具有类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰，芝麻、花生、苏子和红花没有出现类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰，胡萝卜、南瓜、玉米、桔子4种果蔬都有类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰。而且不同油菜和大豆品种的类胡萝卜素的含量有很大的差异，其中油菜种子与胡萝卜中的类胡萝卜素含量相近。