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  • 2018 Volume 40 Issue 2
    Published: 28 April 2018
      

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  • LI Xiao-kang, LIU Hong-fang, LIU Jing-ling, ZHENG Ming, HUA Wei*
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    To understand plant growth function of bna-miR156, sequences, molecular evolution and target genes of miR156 gene family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were studied. 35 members of bna-miR156 family were identified. 44 mature sequences were obtained. Gene mapping showed that 35 genes were distributed in 17 chromosomes. 5 genes located on C3. Sequence analysis showed that the region which generated mature sequence had higher conservation. Evolution result showed that bna-miR156 family was divided into 5 groups. Those located on the same chromosome didn't show the closer phylogenetic relationship. In addition, phylogenetic tree suggested that SBP-box genes had similar evolution in B. napus and Arabidopsis. Target analysis showed that some BnaSBP genes were targets of bna-miR156, with 30 and 11 genes targeted by bna-miR156 at coding region and 3’UTR respectively. Some BnaSBP genes with target sequence exhibited tissue specific expression patterns. Interaction between bna-miR156 and BnaSBP might regulate development of B. napus.

  • ZHAO Lin, YAO Yu-heng, WANG Kuo, ZHENG Yan-hong, LI Ying-hua, LI Min-min, ZHANG Ke-xin, YANG Xue, DING Fu-quan, LI Wen-bin
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     Flowering period is one of the most important ecological traits of adaptation in soybean and controlled by multiple genes. Molecular biology studies have shown that the diversity of soybean flowering period controlled by photoperiod is attributed to the variation of photoperiod-related genes and their combination of variation. GmGBP1 is an important gene in the flowering process of plants and its promoter is also strongly induced by short day conditions. However, at present, the relationship between polymorphism of the promoter sequence of soybean GmGBP1 and its flowering time is still unclear. In this study, the promoter sequences of GmGBP1 from 36 soybean germplasms with different flowering habits were cloned and sequenced, and the natural allelic variation of GmGBP1 promoter was explored for the natural variation of GmGBP1 promoter sequence relationship with flowering period. The results showed that SNP-796 was closely related to flowering time, of which SNP-796G was an excellent allele for shortening soybean growth stage. The 3 major haplotypes also showed significant (P <0.01) correlation with flowering stage. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were shortened haplotypes in soybean flowering stage.

  • GONG Hui-hui, ZHANG Yu-juan, SONG Hua-dong, ZHAO Feng-tao, MENG Qing-hua
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     Sesame is an important traditional oil crop. In order to explore the gene loci controlling of yield-related traits, we screened a total of 72 SSR markers to evaluate the diversity and population structure among 96 varieties of sesame seeds from home and abroad. Through analyzing population structure,association analysis between SSR markers and 8 yield traits including plant height (PH), height of stem from base to first capsule (SH), seed numbers per Capsule (SC), capsule width (CW), capsule length (CL), yellow pointed (YP), capsule numbers per plant (CP) and 1000-grain weight (PH) were performed using TASSEL MLM (Mixed Linear Model) programs. The result showed followings: (1) A total of 446 alleles were found, and the average alleles per locus were 6.2, which varied from 2 to 14. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.2421 to 0.8210,with an average of 0.540 7. The gene diversity index ranged from 0.5504 to 0.9897, with a mean of 0.7477.(2). The analysis of population genetic structure divided the experimental materials into three subgroups. (3) Association analysis found that there were 51 markers associated with 5 yield traits, with the rate of phenotypic variation explained from 0.1329 to 0.3208. Among them, 5 loci were associated with the same trait in multiple environments or using the average values, which were more stable alleles, for example, SSR loci Hs1775-A2 and SIM201-A1, which were associated with the height of the plant (PH). The marker sites Hs1514-A1, SIM004-A3 and SIM002-A1 associated with the seed number per capsule (SC), the height of stem from base to first capsule (SH) and capsule numbers per plant (CP), respectively.

     

  • ZHU Jun, Han Suo-yi, YUAN Mei, HE Liang-qiong, HE Guo-hao*, HUANG Jia-quan*
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     The aim of the this study was to optimize peanut transformation system to improve the transformation efficiency. Several steps and components were studied for their effect on transformation efficiency mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens through detecting the transgenic gene Bar in the genomic DNA of transformed plants. The results showed that the transformation efficiency could be significantly increased by collecting the Agrobacterium at a concentration of OD600 = 0.7, then using an Agrobacterium infection medium AB supplemented with 1 mmol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) to infect the half-seed explants. The Agrobacterium transformation efficiency for peanut variety EXP27-1516 (69.03%) was higher than that of variety 14AU01 (56.67 %). The transformation system described here is an efficient approach that yield vigorous plants within 8 weeks, compared to 13 weeks required in the transformation using cotyledonary nodes, and is the fastest method available for peanut transformation. This study provided an optimized protocol for A. tumefaciens mediated transformation in peanut as a useful reference to perform rapid transgenic research.

  • YAO Yan-jie, YOU Qing-bo, ZHAO Wei, GUO Wei, SHEN Xin-jie, LI Xiang, ZHANG Yong-xing, ZHOU Rong, ZHAO Jian, ZHOU Xin-an*, JIAO Yong-qing*
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    The anatomical differences of stem between a wild soybean and a soybean cultivar were observed using histochemical methods. The relationships among anatomical structure, function, and environmental adaptability were analyzed to understand soybean evolution and stress resistance. The main results are: 1. Wild soybean had more stalk epidermal hairs and glandular trichomes, thicker cuticle and epidermis, and greater epidermal proportion than the cultivated one. Higher lignification and suberification degrees of wild soybean epidermis and exodermis were observed. 2. Wild soybeans had greater proportion of cortex, phloem, xylem parenchyma and pith. With the greater proportion of parenchyma in stalks, wild soybean showed better stress resistance. Due to the larger and thinner cell-wall of parenchyma cells, the strength of wild soybean stalks decreased and the plasticity increased. 3. Compared with wild soybean, the cultivated soybean stems showed greater mechanical strength owing to its greater proportion of lignified tissues and thicker cell wall of epidermis, phloem fiber, xylem fiber and vessels. It is better at maintaining upright growth and morphology construction. 4. The cultivated soybean had greater number of cell layer and thickness of vascular cambium than those of the wild one. Faster growing rate of xylem in cultivated soybeans and equal rate in wild ones resulted in more xylem in former stalks and almost equal proportion of xylem and phloem in later one. 5. The phloem sclerenchyma of wild soybean almost continuously distributed, interrupted only in the pith ray, while that in cultivated ones showed flaky distribution. And its proportion was much larger than that of cultivated soybeans. 6. With stronger wall strength (t/b)2, greater proportion of small vessels and lower connectivity in xylem, wild soybean stems had higher safety and lower efficiency of water transportation. In summary, this research provided an anatomical basis for its application in further evolution and genetic improvement of resistance.

  • HONG Shuang, LI Hao,XU Kun, CHENG Xi,Li Hong-ge, ZHANG Fu-gui, WU Xiao-ming*
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    Drought poses great threat to rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. It is important to establish a reliable evaluation method for drought tolerance. To select resistant germplasm, mini-core collection including seedlings of 107 rapeseed accessions was employed to establish a reliable method. Drought tolerance was evaluated after the procedure of ‘dehydration - rehydration - dehydration – rehydration’. The variations of drought tolerance were evaluated and ideal indicators of drought tolerance were selected. The evaluation included measuring several drought-tolerance-related indicators. Results showed that drought severely inhibited plant growth. Eight indicators were all significantly different. The distribution frequency of 107 accessions was normal. It indicated that shoot fresh weight stress index, plant fresh weight stress index, and drought resistant index were significantly correlated with each other, thus the indicators could be used as major evaluation indicators for drought tolerance of B. napus seedlings. Among these indicators, shoot fresh weight stress index was the simplest, most accurate and effective. By integrating the 3 indices, drought tolerance of 107 accessions were verified, and highly-tolerant accessions were selected among the mini-core collection.

  • GAO Rong-rong*,YANG Sha*,GUO Feng,CUI Li,ZHANG Jia-lei,MENG Jing-jing,GENG Yun,LI Xin-guo*,WAN Shu-bo3*
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    The peanut (Arachis hypogaea) planting in saline-alkali land is often subjected to drought and salt stress due to insufficient freshwater resources or annual rainfall, which seriously affects the production of peanut in saline-alkali area. In order to study effects of cross stress induced by salt and drought on peanut growth and yield, two peanut cultivars with same drought resistance but different salt resistance, low salt tolerance HY22 and HY25 salt resistance HY25, were selected as materials. Experiments were conducted with pot experiments with the treatments under rainproof shelter drought, salt, drought and salt, rewatering after drought and salt stress, respectively. Effects of different stress on yield, agronomic traits, biomass, soil and plant analyzer development, malondialdehyde content (MDA ), scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species and content of osmoregulation substances of peanut were studied. All the stresses significantly inhibited the growth and pod yield of two peanut cultivars, and effects of salt stress on the growth of HY22 were greater than those of drought stress. Among all the stresses, the salt and drought stress caused the most serious damage on these two cultivars with the worst plant physiological parameters and the lowest yield. Compared with single salt stress, drought pretreatment improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves at the late stage of salt stress, enhanced the ability of scavenging reactive oxygen species, reduced the content of malondialdehyde in leaves, and thus alleviated the oxidative damage to membrane systems. Simultaneously, chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation increased, plant growth was promoted, and the yield of peanut increased. Additionally, compared with single salt or drought stress, the salt and drought stress aggravated the damage of these two peanut cultivars. However, drought pretreatment benefited the improvement of reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic pigments of both HY22 and HY25 under salt stress, and the pretreatment also helped to improve the ability of cross adaptation of plants to salt stress and to alleviate inhibitory effects of salt stress.

  • ZHENG Wei, XIAO Guo-bin, LYU Wei-sheng, LI Ya-zhen, CHEN Ming1, HUANG Tian-bao, XIAO Xiao-jun, WU Yan, YE Chuan*
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    To find out proper sowing rate of interplanting rapeseed in double-cropping rice, rapeseed cultivar Fengyou 730 was used in field during 2016 to 2017. Five sowing rates (3.75, 4.50, 5.25, 6.00 and 6.75 kg/hm2) were designed. The effect of different rates on rapeseed were investigated, including growth processes, density, seedling rate, mature plant rate, individual growth-development, disease resistance, yield and yield components. Results showed that seedling rate and mature plant rate decreased with the higher sowing rate. Individual growth was significantly affected. Traits of total leaves, green leaves, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, crown diameter, dry matter weight per plant, were decreased with the higher sowing rate. While leaf area index and dry matter weight of population increased at the beginning, and then decreased with the higher sowing rate. The leaf area and population dry weight reached their peaks at the rate of 5.25 kg/hm2. Sclerotinia disease incidence and index increased with the higher sowing rate. Compared with the rate of 3.75kg/hm2 (Q1), the disease incidence and disease index at the rate of 6.75 kg/hm2 (Q5) increased by 19.83% and 9.92% respectively. Sowing rate had significantly positive correlation with first branch height, and had significantly negative correlation with plant height, first branch number, pods per plant and seed number per pod. Yield increased with sowing rate at the beginning, but then decreased. The highest yield was obtained at the rate of 5.25kg/hm2 (Q3) treatment. It indicated that neither higher nor lower sowing rate were recommended for high-yielding population construction. In this study, the rates between 5.25 to 6.00 kg/hm2 were optimal for high yield of interplanting rapeseed in double-cropping rice in southern triple cropping system.

  • HAN Li, LI Jian-Chun,LI Ying-Shuang,SUN Li-ping, WANG Hui-hong, SUN Wan-Mei, PENG Zai-hui,ZOU Xi-Ling, WANG Bang-Jun *
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     To study the effect of red-blue light on growth and fruiting of soybean, three varieties Williams 82, Jack and Tianlong NO. 1 were chosen as experimental materials, and grown under different ratio of LED white light/red-blue light (WL/RBL) in greenhouse, to analyze the change of morphology, photosynthetic parameter and fruiting.The results showed that the plant height increased with the increasing red-blue light ratio, and the stem diameter, length and leaf area also increased significantly. Leaf pigment of Williams 82 and Tianlong NO. 1 reduced significantly. Proper increase of red-blue light ratio would promote growth and photosynthesis of soybean. Williams 82 (WL/RBL=1/1), Jack (WL/RBL=3/1) and Tianlong NO. 1(WL/RBL=1/3) had the greatest number of pods per plant, with 143%, 124% and 163% increase respectively, comparing to corresponding varieties under the condition of white light. In general, proper red-blue light ratio could improve soybean growth and their fruiting.

  • LIU Yan-tao, XU An-yang, DUAN Wei, WANG Peng, LIU Sheng-li
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    To modify plant type by plant growth regulator, sunflower physiological characteristics were investigated under different concentrations of mepiquat chloride (DPC), paclobutrazol (PP333) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC). Confectionary sunflower cultivar Xinshikui 7 was used, and protective enzyme activity of chlorophyll, free proline, soluble protein and lipid were investigated. Results showed that DPC (200 mg/L) and PP333 (100 mg/L) and CCC (12 g/L) improved leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and free amino acids accumulation. Protective enzyme activity increased. Malonaldehyde content decreased.

  • ZOU Xiao-yun, LIU Bao-lin, LI Jun, SONG Lai-qiang, GUAN Chun-yun*
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    To establish an efficient identification and evaluation method of rapeseed nitrogen nutrition efficiency. A field experiment was conducted using 416 germplasm accessions under 3 nitrogen levels (45, 180, 270 kg/hm2). 15 traits were measured to assess variations of nitrogen nutrition efficiencies including nitrogen absorption efficiency(NAE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI). The sensitivity of different traits to different nitrogen levels was different. Genetic variations of effective branch number under low nitrogen treatments(45 kg/hm2) were the greatest, genetic variations of seed weight per plant under low nitrogen treatments(45 kg/hm2) were the second greatest. Genetic variations of seed weight per plant under medium nitrogen (180 kg/hm2) and high nitrogen (270 kg/hm2) treatments were the greatest. Under low nitrogen stress, the differences increased among the accessions. Nitrogen nutrition efficiency of rapeseed genotypes at maturity stage existed significant difference. Distribution patterns showed that both high and low efficiency materials were few. Low nitrogen treatment (45 kg/hm2) was the best nitrogen application of identification and evaluation on NAE at maturity stage. The indirect indexes were seed weight per plant, aboveground plant dry weight and plant height. High nitrogen treatment (270 kg/hm2) was the best nitrogen application for identification and evaluation on NUE at rapeseed maturity stage. The indirect indexes was aboveground plant dry weight, effective branch number, seed weight per plant and seed number per pod. Low nitrogen treatment (45 kg/hm2) was the best nitrogen application for identification and evaluation on NHI at maturity stage. The indirect indexes were seed weight per plant, aboveground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter.

  • WANG Mei-ju, LIU Chen, WU Ming-de, ZHANG Jing, YANG Long,LI Guo-qing*
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     To investigate the biocontrol efficacy of rapeseed (Brassica napus) endophytic bacteria, bacteria were isolated from rapeseed seedlings in Wuhan, and their diversity was studied. Results showed that the obtained 134 strains included 33 genera and 18 species based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Among them, 3 genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas accounted for 46.27%, 15.67% and 11.94% respectively, of the total. The endophytic bacteria in roots, stems and leaves had Shannon diversity indices of 2.847, 2.808 and 2.356 respectively, and had Simpson’s indices of 0.956, 0.939 and 0.907 respectively. Bacillus subtilis strain CanL-30 was selected based on dual culturing screening using in vitro and in vivo screenings on leaves. It showed that CanL-30 inhibited Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Leptosphaeeria biglobosa on plates. It’s suppression had high antifungal efficacy on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed leaves. Furthermore CanL-30 promoted plant growth of both rapeseed and Arabidopsis thaliana inside the plates possibly through volatiles. This study suggested that rapeseed endophytic bacteria were highly diverse, and could be the important biological resource of bacteria on both biocontrol and plant-growth promoting.

  • LIU Yan-chao, GAO Yu LI Ying-jiao, PAN Xin-long, CUI Juan, XU Wei, SHI Shu-sen*
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    Thrips flavus is a kind of important pest on soybean plants in some areas in China in recent years. In this paper, the spatial distribution patterns of sugarcane worsening seedlings were analyzed by using six kinds of aggregation index method, Iowa regression analysis and Taylor power law to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of adults, nymphs and complex population (adults, nymphs) in the field of soybean. The spatial distribution type fidelity chi-square test was used to determine the spatial distribution type, and the aggregation factors were analyzed. According to Iwao's theoretical sampling number model, the optimal number of sampling samples of the adults and nymphs of soybean T. flavus were determined. The results showed that the spatial distribution patterns of adults and nymphs and complex population in soybean were aggregated in different growth stages of soybean, and Iwao's regression analysis showed that T. flavus were attracted to each other, and the basic components of the distribution were individual aggregation distribution. The Taylor law reflected the density of adults, nymphs and complex population dependent aggregation degree, and the degree of aggregation increased with the increase of average density. The results of chi-square test were also aggregated. The population number of the adults and nymphs of T. flavus were greater than 2, indicating that the aggregation of T. flavus population might be due to the synergistic effect of the population habitat or its own agglomeration behavior and environmental factors. The theoretical sampling equation of T. adults was . And the theoretical sampling equation of T. flavus nymphs was . The theoretical sampling equation for the whole population of T. flavus was . This paper provided a theoretical basis for field sampling of T. flavus on soybean.

  • XIE Ming-hui, LIN Lu-lu, CHEN Hao-liang, ZHANG Guang-ling, SU Wei-hua
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     The objective of this study is to assess the peanut growth in seedling stage and field control on white grub after peanut seed dressing with common agricultural chemicals. To assess the pesticides on peanut growth in seedling stage, the peanut seed were dressed with three different pesticides, and the emergence rate and other growth indexes were recorded after the dressed seeds treated with different temperature, soil moisture and sowing depths by pot experiment. The safety of pesticides to peanut by comprehensive comparison showed as chlorpyrifos > fipronil > imidacloprid. Mixed use of insecticides and fungicides showed that the added fungicides were beneficial for the emergence rate and other growth indexes, and the carboxin-thiram was the best formula. Field experiment showed seed dressing with chlorpyrifos had good control effect on white grub and final production, and the chlorpyrifos had obvious synergism with fungicides; seed dressing with imidacloprid and carboxin-thiram benefited germination and white grub control, and the final production increased 53.59%. The least effective insecticide on grub control was fipronil, and the synergism with 4 fungicides were not significant.

  • CHEN Yu, LI Shuang, CHEN Li-jie, WANG Yuan-yuan, ZHU Xiao-feng, LIU Xiao-yu, DUAN Yu-xi*
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    For better understanding the development of soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) affected by glutathione, L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, was used for treating on Liaodou 15, a SCN susceptible cultivar, and the development of SCN was examined. The contents and levels of gene expression were detected using qRT-PCR and HPLC respectively. The results indicated that the development of SCN was inhibited significantly at 14 days post inoculation. Compared with control, the number of juvenile at second stage and juvenile at fourth stage increased to 53.86% and decreased to 10.54% respectively; but the number of J4 showed no difference at 28 days post SCN infection. The expression level of γ-ECS, GSHS and hGSHS were inhibited significantly during BSO treatment at 14 days post SCN infection. The contents of glutathione decreased significantly comparing with control. In summary, the development of SCN was inhibited under glutathione deficiency. And glutathione was a significant factor in development of SCN. These results provided a theoretic support for SCN resistance breeding in future.

  • ZHU Bin, Zeng Pan, LI Zai-yun*
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     Diploid parents of allopolyploid species are difficult to identify due to their long history of evolution, and the extant of their presumable parents in nature experienced independent evolution. To understand the genetic contributions and interplay for the allopolyploidy species, particular experimental programs are needed to extract their constituent genomes and reconstruct their progenitors. Different crossing strategies were successfully adopted on progenitor restitution from allohexaploid bread wheat and allopolyploid Brassica napus. For example, through the synthesis of Brassica allohexaploid (AA.BBCC from B. rapa × B. carinata), ancestral B. nigra (BB) was restituted followed by preferential elimination of C genome in B. juncea (AA.BB), and by hybridization of B. juncea (AA.BB) to B. carinata, and then by selfing the hybrid (BBAC) thereafter. Another example, ancestral diploid parent (CC) was restituted followed by the first synthesis of auto-allo-polyploids (e.g. AAAACC) between the allotetraploid and one of extant diploid parent, and then the loss of A chromosome from tetraploid-state genome during selfing generations.

  • LEI Shao-lin, CHEN Li, GUO Gui-min, QIN Xin-rong, ZHANG Xing-xing, ZHANG Min-qin, PI Ming-xue, HU Cai-hong, DU Cai-fu*
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    Pollination control system of heterosis is the key point in increasing rapeseed yield. Cytoplasmic male-sterile system (CMS) has great importance in creating new type of pollination control system in rapeseed heterosis. Moricandia arvensis CMS (Mori CMS) in Brassica juncea was created by Prakash et al. from India in 1998. This new type of CMS, With the characteristics of completely stable male sterility and no adverse cytoplasmic effect, Mori CMS is used in heterosis exploitation of B. juncea in India. In this review, we summarized the progress including male sterile gene isolation, restorer gene tagging and utilization of Mori CMS in B. juncea, in order to provide references to rapeseed hybrid breeding and molecular marker assisted selection.

  • CHEN Kun-rong, REN Li, XU Li, CHEN Wan, LIU Fan, FANG Xiao-ping*
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    Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an important soil-borne disease worldwide. It became increasingly more serious in major peanut production regions including Shandong, Guangdong, Henan, Jiangxi and Liaoning provinces in last ten years, and has become an inhibiting factor for peanut production in China. In this article, we reviewed the research progress on the occurrence and damage of peanut southern stem rot, biological characteristics and variability of Sclerotium rolfsii, the epidemic and management of the disease. Some suggestions were made for further study of the disease.