
紫苏种质资源遗传多样性分析与综合评价
Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive assessment of Perilla germplasm resources
为明确紫苏种质资源性状特点与遗传多样性,对保存的528份紫苏种质资源11个基本农艺性状进行了遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,528份紫苏种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,果穗数和单株产量的变异系数最大(分别为54.27%和53.44%),种子含油率变异系数最小(11.62%),单株产量遗传多样性指数最高(2.05),平均遗传多样性指数为1.89。相关性分析结果显示,单株产量与千粒重、分枝数、果穗数、种子含油率、主穗长及粒色6个性状均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示,株型、产量、籽粒数和粒色4个主成分代表了71.89%的性状信息。通过聚类分析将这些紫苏种质划分为5个类群,各类群间农艺性状差异明显,其中类群I具有单株产量高、种子含油率高的特点,具有较高的育种利用潜力。本研究明确了528份紫苏种质资源的遗传多样性特征和各性状间的关联性,筛选出一批性状特异的种质,可为紫苏遗传育种中亲本选配及优良种质资源的挖掘提供依据。
To clarify the characteristics and genetic diversity of perilla germplasm resources, the genetic variation, correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of 528 preserved perilla accessions were performed based on 11 main agronomic traits. Results showed that rich genetic diversity was found among theseaccessions. The variable coefficients of panicle number and grain yield per plant were the largest (54.27% and 53.44%, respectively), while that of seed oil content was the lowest (11.62%); the genetic diversity index of yield per plant was the highest (2.05), and the average genetic diversity index was 1.89. The results of correlation analysis indicated that grain yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with thousand-grain weight, number of branches, number of panicles, seed oil content, length of main panicle and grain color. The result of principal component analysis showed that four principal components of plant type factors, yield factors, seeds number factors and grain color factors, represented 71.883% of all trait information. These perilla germplasm was divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis, and there were obvious differences in agronomic characters among various groups. Particularly, Group I has the characteristics of high yield per plant and high seed oil content and has high breeding and utilization potential. Here, the genetic diversity and the correlation between basic agronomic characters of 528 perilla accessions were explained, and a number of elite accessions with specific characters were screened, which can provide a basis for perilla breeding and utilization of excellent germplasm resources.
紫苏 / 种质资源 / 遗传多样性 / 聚类分析 {{custom_keyword}} /
perilla / germplasm resources / genetic diversity / cluster analysis {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 紫苏种质资源数量性状变异分析Table 1 Variation analysis of quantitative characters of perilla germplasm resources |
性状 Trait | 单位 Unit | 最小值 Min | 最大值 Max | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 极差 Range | 变异系数 CV/% | 遗传多样性指数 H' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GP | Day | 84 | 211 | 144.77 | 19.65 | 127 | 13.57 | 1.69 |
PH | cm | 63.7 | 262 | 163.31 | 32.64 | 198.3 | 19.99 | 1.87 |
NSN | / | 6.2 | 28 | 14.64 | 3.31 | 21.8 | 22.63 | 1.98 |
NB | / | 2 | 47 | 22.36 | 8.21 | 45 | 36.71 | 2.02 |
MPL | cm | 3.2 | 42 | 13.19 | 4.29 | 38.8 | 32.52 | 1.92 |
NP | g | 20 | 340 | 104.13 | 56.51 | 320 | 54.27 | 1.87 |
GYPP | g/plant | 0.9 | 39 | 13.94 | 7.45 | 38.1 | 53.44 | 2.05 |
TGW | g/1000 seed | 0.8 | 5.8 | 3.50 | 1.16 | 5 | 33.15 | 1.91 |
SOC | % | 10.72 | 51.60 | 43.01 | 5.00 | 40.88 | 11.62 | 1.73 |
表2 紫苏种质资源主要农艺性状相关性分析Table 2 Correlation analysis of main agronomic traits for perilla germplasm resources |
性状 Trait | 相关系数Correlation coefficient | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | GP | PH | NSN | NB | MPL | NP | GC | GYPP | TGW | |
GP | -0.127** | |||||||||
PH | -0.331** | 0.508** | ||||||||
NSN | -0.035 | 0.518** | 0.581** | |||||||
NB | -0.266** | 0.236** | 0.333** | 0.494** | ||||||
MPL | -0.198** | 0.000 | -0.056 | -0.216** | -0.207** | |||||
NP | -0.018 | 0.095* | 0.261** | 0.425** | 0.663** | -0.164** | ||||
GC | 0.226** | 0.039 | 0.006 | -0.037 | 0.047 | -0.205** | -0.010 | |||
GYPP | -0.367** | -0.098* | 0.010 | -0.145** | 0.408** | 0.160** | 0.325** | 0.156** | ||
TGW | -0.564** | -0.157** | -0.016 | -0.304** | 0.027 | 0.202** | -0.231** | 0.067 | 0.480** | |
SOC | -0.303** | -0.139** | 0.127** | -0.218** | -0.117** | 0.040 | -0.076 | 0.007 | 0.225** | 0.516** |
表3 528份紫苏种质资源主要农艺性状的主成分分析Table 3 Principal component analysis of major agronomic traits among 528 perilla accessions |
性状 Trait | 主成分特征向量Principal component eigenvector | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
因子1 Factor 1 | 因子2 Factor 2 | 因子3 Factor 3 | 因子4 Factor 4 | |
T | -0.109 | -0.493 | 0.285 | 0.073 |
GP | 0.359 | -0.054 | -0.390 | 0.231 |
PH | 0.415 | 0.113 | -0.335 | 0.246 |
NSN | 0.499 | -0.126 | -0.150 | 0.044 |
NB | 0.453 | 0.183 | 0.295 | -0.164 |
MPL | -0.159 | 0.188 | -0.336 | -0.405 |
NP | 0.406 | 0.055 | 0.383 | -0.309 |
GC | 0.014 | -0.020 | 0.386 | 0.666 |
GYPP | 0.071 | 0.468 | 0.366 | -0.127 |
TGW | -0.157 | 0.534 | -0.036 | 0.188 |
SOC | -0.111 | 0.385 | -0.045 | 0.313 |
特征值Numerical value | 2.843 | 2.435 | 1.479 | 1.151 |
贡献率Contribution rate /% | 25.846 | 22.133 | 13.443 | 10.461 |
累计贡献率Total account /% | 25.846 | 47.979 | 61.422 | 71.883 |
图4 528份紫苏种质资源基于主要农艺性状的聚类分析Fig. 4 Cluster analysis of 528 perilla acessions based on their main agronomic traits |
表4 紫苏种质不同类群性状特征Table 4 Characteristics of different groups in perilla germplasm |
性 状 Trait | 类群Ⅰ(337份) Group I (337) | 类群Ⅱ(148份) Group Ⅱ (148) | 类群Ⅲ(35份) Group Ⅲ (35) | 类群IV(3份) Group IV(3) | 类群V(5份) Group V(5) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均数 Mean | 变异系数 CV/% | 平均数 Mean | 变异系数 CV/% | 平均数 Mean | 变异系数 CV/% | 平均数 Mean | 变异系数 CV/% | 平均数 Mean | 变异系数 CV/% | |
GP | 139.59 | 13.89 | 151.33 | 11.07 | 162.86 | 7.70 | 153.67 | 1.87 | 168.40 | 8.69 |
PH | 163.65 | 17.75 | 156.15 | 24.32 | 194.38 | 11.69 | 133.63 | 19.48 | 152.20 | 3.44 |
NSN | 13.79 | 21.82 | 15.23 | 19.10 | 20.22 | 8.36 | 15.03 | 8.17 | 13.60 | 9.97 |
NB | 23.02 | 23.51 | 17.27 | 47.95 | 39.17 | 12.49 | 26.93 | 18.85 | 14.00 | 48.45 |
MPL | 13.34 | 26.75 | 12.97 | 26.60 | 9.20 | 21.82 | 13.60 | 7.85 | 37.20 | 9.53 |
NP | 99.85 | 50.58 | 87.62 | 41.97 | 221.54 | 19.76 | 118.57 | 12.46 | 43.40 | 20.01 |
GYPP | 16.66 | 38.62 | 8.54 | 79.90 | 11.76 | 46.36 | 9.97 | 62.83 | 7.58 | 41.65 |
TGW | 4.20 | 14.85 | 2.24 | 31.31 | 2.17 | 37.77 | 1.10 | 7.42 | 3.72 | 11.20 |
SOC | 45.08 | 6.51 | 39.78 | 12.08 | 39.43 | 14.64 | 17.37 | 27.18 | 39.45 | 9.51 |
表5 紫苏种质不同类群典型材料Table 5 Typical material of different groups in perilla germplasm |
类群 Group | 主要特征 Main characteristics | 典型材料 Typical material |
---|---|---|
类群Ⅰ Group I | 生育期短,单株产量、种子含油率高 Short growth period, high grain yield per plant and seed oil content | ZGSZ0001、ZGSZ0002、ZGSZ0006、ZGSZ0008、ZGSZ0015、ZGSZ0016、ZGSZ0017、ZGSZ0021、ZGSZ0023、ZGSZ0024、ZGSZ0031、ZGSZ0040、ZGSZ0041、ZGSZ0042、ZGSZ0045、ZGSZ0046、ZGSZ0048、ZGSZ0049、ZGSZ0054、ZGSZ0061、ZGSZ0065、ZGSZ0191、ZGSZ0200、ZGSZ0400、ZGSZ0529 |
类群Ⅱ Group Ⅱ | 千粒重、单株产量和种子含油率较低 Low thousand-grain weight, grain yield per plant and seed oil content | ZGSZ0275、ZGSZ0302、ZGSZ0303、ZGSZ0322、ZGSZ0325、ZGSZ0514、ZGSZ0515、ZGSZ0518、ZGSZ0519、ZGSZ0521、ZGSZ0524、ZGSZ0525 |
类群Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 生育期较长,植株高大,茎节数、分枝数、果穗数极多 Long growth period, tall plant, large number of stem nodes and branches | ZGSZ0327、ZGSZ0328、ZGSZ0333、ZGSZ0334、ZGSZ0335、ZGSZ0342、ZGSZ0343、ZGSZ0345、ZGSZ0346、ZGSZ0347、ZGSZ0348、ZGSZ0349、ZGSZ0350、ZGSZ0351、ZGSZ0352、ZGSZ0354、ZGSZ0358、ZGSZ0360、ZGSZ0363、ZGSZ0364、ZGSZ0365 |
类群IV Group IV | 植株矮小,千粒重、含油率极低 Short plant, extremely low thousand-grain weight and seed oil content | ZGSZ0081、ZGSZ0082、ZGSZ0505 |
类群V Group V | 生育期长,主穗极长,茎节数、分枝数、果穗数极少 Long growth period, extremely long main panicle length, few stem nodes and branches | ZGSZ0108、ZGSZ0109、ZGSZ0111、ZGSZ0114、ZGSZ0278 |
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