
木醋液不同施用时期对油菜生长及产量的影响
Effects of different application periods of wood vinegar on rapeseed growth and yield
为恰当使用木醋液增产,盆栽和大田种植甘蓝型油菜杂交品种华油杂9号,调查木醋液不同叶面喷施次数、不同施用间隔时间以及不同播期条件下,木醋液对油菜生长与产量的影响。盆栽结果表明,连续和间隔喷施2~4次的木醋液显著提高油菜的总干重29.63%~74.07%。同时连续与间隔喷施4次的木醋液可显著提高油菜的叶面积81.58%~85.65%。大田试验结果表明,苗期、蕾薹期、花期分别喷施1次、2次、3次处理的油菜,最终籽粒产量分别显著提高3.30%、9.52%、11.38%,蛋白含量分别降低2.62%、4.02%、4.68%。3个不同播期喷施木醋液处理的大田产量较对照分别显著提高20.13%、23.25%、13.97%,单株有效角果数分别提高47.29%、61.87%、72.90%。综合分析表明,在油菜生长期间喷施木醋液2~4次,每次间隔5 d以上的促进效果更好。不同播期条件下,木醋液对油菜生长与产量的影响以适期(即10月9日)播种效应更显著。
To improve rapeseed yield, Brassica napus hybrid cultivar Huayouza 9 was selected as material, and was planted in pots and fields. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of wood vinegar application on seedling growth and seed yield under different foliar spraying times, different application intervals and different growth periods under 3 sowing dates. Results of pot experiments showed that total dry weight of rapeseed was significantly increased by 29.63%-74.07% when wood vinegar was sprayed for 2 to 4 times continuously and at intervals. At the same time, continuous and interval spraying of wood vinegar for 4 times could significantly increase leaf area by 81.58%-85.65%. Results of field experiments showed that the final seed yield treated by spraying once, twice and three times at seedling stage, bud bolting stage and flowering stage respectively increased by 3.30%, 9.52% and 11.38%, and protein content decreased by 2.62%, 4.02% and 4.68%, respectively. Compared with control, field yields of 3 different sowing dates sprayed with wood vinegar were increased by 20.13%, 23.25%, 13.97%, and the number of effective pods per plant increased by 47.29%, 61.87%, 72.90%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that the promotion effect was better when wood vinegar was sprayed 2 to 4 times during growth period, with an interval of more than 5 days each time. Under different sowing dates, the effect of wood vinegar on rapeseed growth and yield was more significant in the suitable sowing date (on Oct. 9th).
木醋液 / 喷施次数 / 播期 / 油菜 / 生物量 / 产量 {{custom_keyword}} /
wood vinegar / spraying time / sowing date / rapeseed / biomass / yield {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 不同喷施次数与间隔时间试验处理设置Table 1 Test treatment settings for different spraying times and intervals |
处理 Sowing date | 处理编号 Treatment codes | 处理次数 Spray times |
---|---|---|
对照 Control | CK | 0 |
喷施1次Spray once | M1 | 1 |
连续喷施组 Continious spray (LM) | LM2 | 2 |
LM3 | 3 | |
LM4 | 4 | |
LM5 | 5 | |
间隔喷施组(JM) Interval spray | JM2 | 2 |
JM3 | 3 | |
JM4 | 4 | |
JM5 | 5 |
表2 不同播期条件下的木醋液试验处理设置Table 2 Test treatment of wood vinegar (M) at different sowing dates |
处理 Sowing date | 处理编号 Treatment codes | 喷施处理 Spray |
---|---|---|
早播(9月27日),B1 Early sowing on Sept. 27,B1 | B1-CK | - |
B1-M | + | |
适期播(10月9日),B2 Suitable sowing on Oct. 9,B2 | B2-CK | - |
B2-M | + | |
晚播(10月21日),B3 Late sowing on Oct. 21,B3 | B3-CK | - |
B3-M | + |
表3 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜苗期鲜重与干重的影响Table 3 Effects of different spraying times of wood vinegar on the fresh weight and dry weight of rapeseed seedlings |
处理 Treatment | 总鲜重 /g Total fresh weight | 总干重 /g Total dry weight | 根干重 /g Root dry weight | 叶干重 /g Leaf dry weight | 根冠比 Root shoot ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 18.20e | 2.97e | 0.38f | 2.37f | 0.16a |
M1 | 23.71d | 3.51de | 0.47ef | 2.98e | 0.16a |
LM2 | 26.94cd | 3.85cd | 0.56cde | 3.37de | 0.17a |
LM3 | 30.07bc | 4.60abc | 0.63abcd | 4.05abc | 0.16a |
LM4 | 32.08ab | 4.76ab | 0.74ab | 4.31ab | 0.17a |
LM5 | 23.77d | 3.38de | 0.49def | 3.05e | 0.16a |
JM2 | 28.95bc | 4.06bcd | 0.62bcde | 3.49cde | 0.18a |
JM3 | 32.63ab | 5.11a | 0.65abc | 4.24ab | 0.15a |
JM4 | 35.06a | 5.17a | 0.78a | 4.52a | 0.17a |
JM5 | 31.49abc | 4.64abc | 0.61bcde | 3.92bcd | 0.16a |
表4 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜苗期根颈粗和叶片的影响Table 4 Effect of different spraying times of wood vinegar on root neck diameter and leaf of rapeseed seedling |
处理 Treatment | 根颈粗 /mm Rhizome diameter | 总叶数 Total leaf number | 绿叶数 Green leaves | 最大叶长 /cm Max leaf length | 最大叶宽 /cm Max leaf width | 叶面积/cm2 Leaf area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.99c | 4.67c | 3.83c | 168.67f | 83.17ef | 549.92g |
M1 | 6.55abc | 5.00abc | 4.00c | 186e | 84def | 730.68f |
LM2 | 6.83ab | 5.17abc | 4.33bc | 189.83de | 87cdef | 798.2def |
LM3 | 6.85ab | 5.17abc | 4.33bc | 201bcd | 89.83bcde | 875bcde |
LM4 | 7.24a | 5.33ab | 4.83ab | 215ab | 95.4ab | 998.56ab |
LM5 | 6.31bc | 4.83cd | 4.17bc | 187e | 82.5f | 752.21ef |
JM2 | 6.65abc | 5.00bcd | 4.33bc | 197.67cde | 88.33bcdef | 849.83cdef |
JM3 | 6.49abc | 5.50a | 4.50bc | 199.17cde | 93.67abc | 978.9abc |
JM4 | 7.30a | 5.50a | 5.20a | 217.6a | 97.83a | 1020.9a |
JM5 | 7.25a | 5.25abc | 4.40bc | 206.5abc | 90.17bcd | 903.83abcd |
表5 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜LAI和生物量的影响Table 5 Effects of different spraying times of wood vinegar on LAI and biomass of rapeseed |
处理 Treatment | LAI | PAI | 地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass /g | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling | 蕾薹期 Bolting | 花期 Flowering | 角果期 Podding | 苗期 Seedling | 蕾薹期 Bolting | 花期 Flowering | 角果期 Podding | 成熟期 Maturing | |||
CK | 1.42c | 2.84c | 5.57c | 3.38b | 1.87b | 6.13c | 9.32c | 16.19c | 23.60b | ||
M1 | 1.51c | 3.02b | 5.81b | 3.56a | 1.90b | 7.30b | 10.97b | 19.56b | 24.76b | ||
M2 | 1.61b | 3.21b | 6.02ab | 3.62a | 2.02b | 8.57ab | 13.71b | 21.76b | 27.94ab | ||
M3 | 1.79a | 3.58a | 6.18a | 3.66a | 2.29a | 9.06a | 15.68a | 25.18a | 29.51a |
表6 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜叶面积和SPAD的影响Table 6 Effects of different spraying times of wood vinegar on rapeseed leaf area and SPAD |
处理 Treatment | 叶面积 Leaf area /cm2 | SPAD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling | 蕾薹期 Bolting | 花期 Flowering | 角果期 Podding | 苗期 Seedling | 蕾薹期 Bolting | 花期 Flowering | 角果期 Podding | ||
CK | 153b | 789c | 928c | 230b | 52.6b | 48.8b | 44.1a | 44.8b | |
M1 | 158b | 965bc | 1018b | 262a | 54.2a | 52.0a | 44.3a | 48..5ab | |
M2 | 183a | 1148b | 1153ab | 265a | 54.7a | 52.5a | 44.1a | 51.1a | |
M3 | 200a | 1455a | 1283a | 274a | 54.4a | 52.8a | 44.6a | 49.9a |
表7 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜产量及构成的影响Table 7 Effects of different spraying times of wood vinegar on yield and components of rapeseed |
处理 Treatment | 单株有效分枝数 Branches per plant | 单株有效角果数 Pods per plant | 每角粒数 Seeds per pod | 千粒重 /g Seed weight | 单株产量 /g Yield per plant | 大田产量 /(kg/hm2) Total yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 4.83b | 93.50b | 21.22a | 4.14b | 8.22c | 2282c |
M1 | 5.00b | 116.33a | 18.34a | 4.27ab | 9.10b | 2357b |
M2 | 5.17a | 117.67a | 19.33a | 4.34a | 9.87a | 2499a |
M3 | 5.33a | 122.67a | 19.38a | 4.35a | 10.35a | 2542a |
表8 木醋液不同喷施次数对油菜品质的影响Table 8 Effects of different spraying times of wood vinegar on quality of rapeseed |
处理 Treatment | 含油量 /% Oil content | 蛋白 /% Protein content | 硫苷 /(μmol/g) Glucosinolate | 亚麻酸 /% Linolenic acid | 亚油酸 /% Linoleic acid | 油酸 /% Oleic acid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 44.62b | 21.37a | 26.02a | 7.52a | 16.59a | 70.05a |
M1 | 44.97ab | 20.81b | 25.35a | 7.22a | 16.60a | 71.14a |
M2 | 45.14ab | 20.51b | 25.28a | 7.36a | 16.31a | 70.34a |
M3 | 45.74a | 20.37b | 25.04a | 7.04a | 15.89a | 70.07a |
表9 不同播期和浓度对油菜产量和构成的影响Table 9 Effects of different sowing dates and concentrations on yield and components of rapeseed |
处理 Treatment | 单株有效分枝数 Branches per plant | 主茎有效角果数 Pods on main stem | 分枝有效角果数 Branch pods per plant | 单株有效角果数 Pods per plant | 每角粒数 Seeds per pod | 千粒重 /g Seed weight | 单株产量 Yield per plant /g | 单株生物量 Biomass per plant /g | 总产量 Total yield /(kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1-CK | 5.00b | 74.73b | 141.10b | 215.83b | 18.15b | 2.85b | 12.19b | 25.09b | 1553b |
B1-M | 7.00a | 83.90a | 234.00a | 317.90a | 21.93a | 3.34a | 20.82a | 42.20a | 1866a |
B2-CK | 7.90b | 83.20b | 215.30b | 298.50b | 18.22b | 2.85b | 23.18b | 50.54b | 1836b |
B2- M | 10.87a | 102.27a | 380.90a | 483.17a | 22.71a | 3.27a | 32.89a | 65.02a | 2263a |
B3-CK | 6.00b | 76.53b | 166.93b | 243.47b | 18.86b | 3.01b | 18.82b | 32.95b | 1593b |
B3- M | 7.73a | 92.20a | 328.77a | 420.97a | 24.36a | 3.25a | 24.24a | 49.30a | 1816a |
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