
中国花生品种保护与登记现状分析
Current status of protection and registration of peanut varieties in China
为促进花生种业的有序发展,分析我国花生品种保护与登记现状,利用品种权公告和种业大数据平台,收集、整理、校验和汇总有关材料,从年际变化、申请主体和申请省份等不同角度对收集到的材料进行分析。研究发现:截至2022年12月31日,我国共受理花生新品种保护申请684个,其中,295个品种处于品种权保护阶段,333个品种处于申请保护阶段,22个品种因不具备品种一致性、稳定性或特异性被驳回申请;116个单位或个人作为申请人提交过品种保护申请,其中,科研院所申请数量最多,平均每个单位申请品种为10个;近3年来,授权品种的审查时长在19个月左右。2017年5月-2022年12月,我国共登记花生品种1163个,其中有效登记1144个,撤销登记19个;高校登记数量最多。河南省是品种登记数量、品种权申请和授权数量最多的省份。1163个登记品种中,有675个品种未申请品种权保护,约占58.04%。我国花生育种呈现主产省份优势,以科研院所为主要育种主体,建议充分利用花生选育优势,强化产学研合作创新,促进花生产业的高质量发展;花生品种保护与登记的开展过程中,存在育种人“重登记、轻保护”的倾向,建议加强新品种权保护政策宣讲工作,引导育种人提高品种保护意识;品种的真实性核查对于花生种业的健康发展至关重要,建议登记部门将品种真实性鉴定工作前移,优化审查监管流程;此外,品种保护和登记制度面临新形势,随着实质性派生品种(EDV)、生物育种相关制度的相继试点实施,建议在完善现有制度的基础上,尽快制修订相关办法和指南,以适应育种新形势。
To promote orderly development of peanut industry, investigations were carried out on protection and registration of peanut varieties. By collection, organization, verification, and summarization data from variety rights announcements and seed industry data platforms, different perspectives as annual variations, applicant entities, and applicant provinces were deeply analysed. Up to Dec. 31, 2022, 684 applications for new peanut variety protection have been accepted. Of which 295 varieties were in stages of variety rights protection, 333 were in stages of application protection, and 22 were rejected due to lack of variety distinctness, uniformity, or stability. 116 organizations and persons had submitted. Among them, research institutions had the highest amount, averaging 10 varieties each. In the past 3 years, average examination duration for an authorized varieties was ~19 months. From May 2017 to December 2022, 1163 peanut varieties have been registered, with 1144 valid registrations and 19 revocatory registrations. Universities have the highest submitions. Most submition and authorized were from Henan Province. About 58.04% varieties (675 in 1163) did not applied for rights protection. Thus we believed that, peanut breeding in China has advantages in major producing provinces. We suggested to fully strengthen the innovation of industry-academia-research cooperationand also, to enhance the publicity of new variety rights protection policies, and also to enhance the breeders awareness of variety protection. Registration departments should be suggested to move forward the identification process, and to optimize review and supervision process. And, facing the implementation of Essential Derived Variety (EDV) and related biotechnology breeding, corresponding methods and guidances should be formulated promptly.
花生 / 植物品种保护(PVP) / 品种登记 / 现状分析 {{custom_keyword}} /
peanut / plant variety protection (PVP) / variety registration / status analysis {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 中国各省份花生品种保护和登记情况Table 1 Protection and registration of peanut varieties in provincial regions of China |
省/市/自治区 Provincial regions | 申请保护数量 PVP applied | 占比 Ratio | 授权保护数量 PVP granted | 占比 Ratio | 登记有效数量 Valid PVP registered | 占比 Ratio | 撤销登记 Revocated | 2021年播种面积 Sown area in 2021 /(×103 hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
河南 Henan | 291 | 42.54% | 115 | 37.95% | 348 | 29.92% | 1292.9 | |
山东 Shandong | 142 | 20.76% | 64 | 21.12% | 317 | 27.26% | 631.7 | |
广东 Guangdong | 76 | 11.11% | 33 | 10.89% | 58 | 4.99% | 349.7 | |
河北 Hebei | 61 | 8.92% | 21 | 6.93% | 106 | 9.11% | 19 | 247.3 |
广西 Guangxi | 28 | 4.09% | 21 | 6.93% | 50 | 4.30% | 226.3 | |
江苏 Jiangsu | 20 | 2.92% | 8 | 2.64% | 31 | 2.67% | 97.2 | |
四川 Sichuan | 17 | 2.49% | 16 | 5.28% | 34 | 2.92% | 290.2 | |
吉林 Jilin | 11 | 1.61% | 6 | 1.98% | 57 | 4.90% | 242.6 | |
安徽 Anhui | 10 | 1.46% | 8 | 2.64% | 3 | 0.26% | 146.2 | |
福建 Fujian | 6 | 0.88% | 3 | 0.99% | 20 | 1.72% | 73.7 | |
辽宁 Liaoning | 4 | 0.58% | 1 | 0.33% | 45 | 3.87% | 29.7 | |
湖北 Hubei | 3 | 0.44% | 3 | 0.99% | 28 | 2.41% | 332.3 | |
江西 Jiangxi | 2 | 0.29% | 2 | 0.66% | 5 | 0.43% | 244.7 | |
北京 Beijing | 2 | 0.29% | 2 | 0.66% | 44.0 | |||
海南 Hainan | 5 | 0.73% | 6 | 0.52% | 1.3 | |||
云南 Yunnan | 3 | 0.44% | 16 | 1.38% | 177.2 | |||
湖南 Hunan | 1 | 0.15% | 11 | 0.95% | 114.0 | |||
山西 Shanxi | 1 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.17% | 5.0 | |||
浙江 Zhejiang | 1 | 0.15% | 6 | 0.52% | 16.3 | |||
黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 1 | 0.09% | 22.8 |
1 |
周衍平, 徐华杰, 陈会英. 中国种源 “卡脖子” 难题与破解路径: 基于植物品种权布局视角[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2023, 44(4): 588-596. DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0056 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
2 |
李菊丹. 我国农业植物新品种保护问题与对策研究: 以品种权申请授权数据统计为基础进行分析[J]. 知识产权, 2019, 29(5): 70-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0476.2019.05.007 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
3 |
阿布都克尤木·阿不都热孜克, 古丽米拉·艾克拜尔, 徐麟, 等. 我国农业植物新品种保护发展回顾、现状分析及发展建议[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(9): 1-11. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0894 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
4 |
邓伟, 温雯, 余子嘉, 等. 中国水稻植物新品种权保护现状与分析[J]. 杂交水稻, 2020, 35(4): 1-6. DOI: 10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20191118.267 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
5 |
王燕, 田泰, 马艳, 等. 中国果树新品种保护与DUS测试研究进展[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2022, 38(3): 849-864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2022.03.033 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
6 |
杨扬, 田红丽, 易红梅, 等. 中国玉米品种保护现状分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1095-1107. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.002 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
7 |
李顺国,刘斐,赵文庆, 等.中国谷子种业: 发展历程、融合模式与路径选择[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2023, 44(1): 32-43. DOI:10.13872/j.1000-0275.2022.0098 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
8 |
李荣德, 何平, 史梦雅, 等. 我国油菜品种登记与推广现状分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2023, 45(1): 17-22. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022106 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
9 |
李荣德, 李嫒嫒, 牛庆杰. 我国向日葵品种登记状况分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2021, 43(3): 518-523. DOI: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2020141 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
10 |
邓丽, 郭敏杰, 苗建利, 等. 我国高油酸花生品种现状及可视化热图分析[J]. 种子, 2023, 42(2): 150-156. DOI: 10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2023.02.150 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
11 |
“豫花 7 号”花生新品种获国家科技进步二等奖[J]. 花生科技, 2001(2): 6.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
12 |
廖俊华, 何泽民, 游宇, 等. 我国高油酸花生的研究进展[J]. 粮食与油脂, 2023, 36(4): 5-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9578.2023.04.002 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
13 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
14 |
周樨平, 程静琪. 新《种子法》植物新品种权利保护的实施难点及应对[J]. 中国种业, 2023(10): 6-11, 15. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-895X.2023.10.002 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
15 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
16 |
胡晋, 王建成. 种子检验技术[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2016.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
17 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
18 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
19 |
李柯, 赵昆昆, 宁龙龙, 等. 花生FAD2基因CRISPR/Cas9多靶点敲除载体构建[J]. 山东农业科学, 2019, 51(9): 56-62, 67. DOI: 10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2019.09.008 .
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
20 |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
{{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |