
植物生长调节剂对连作大豆产量及其相关性状的影响
于吉东, 周长军, 高中奎, 马兰, 李建英, 吴耀坤, 刘冰, 李娜, 宫秀英
中国油料作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 471-477.
植物生长调节剂对连作大豆产量及其相关性状的影响
Effects of plant growth regulators on yield and related traits of continuous cropping soybean
为明确不同植物生长调节剂对连作大豆产量及其相关性状的影响,2022-2023年以农庆豆28为材料,在连作5年大豆的试验地上,采用随机区组设计,于大豆分枝期喷施缩节胺、烯效唑、矮壮素、玉黄金、吨田宝、壳聚糖6种植物生长调节剂,分析不同调节剂对连作大豆生理性状、农艺性状、产量、品质的影响。结果表明:吨田宝、玉黄金、烯效唑、壳聚糖等4种调节剂显著增加产量,两年的增产幅度分别为5.55%~10.3%和1.95%~11.59%,由高到低依次为壳聚糖>烯效唑>玉黄金>吨田宝。此外,吨田宝、玉黄金、烯效唑、壳聚糖4种生长调节剂的施用增加了大豆叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量,并且降低了株高,增加了单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重。
To improve quality and efficiency of continuous soybean cultivation through chemical control, effects of plant growth regulators on yield and traits of continuous cropping soybeans were studied. Nongqingdou 28 was used as material from 2022 to 2023. On the continuously 5-year-soybean planted experimental site, a randomized block design was conducted for plant growth regulators test. Six plant growth regulators were used, namely mepiquate chloride, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, Yuhuangjin, Tontianbao, and Chitosan. They were sprayed during branching stage. Effects of different regulators were investigated on physiological characteristics, agronomic traits, yield, and quality of continuous cropping soybeans. Results showed that 4 growth regulators, including Tontianbao, Yuhuangjin, Uniconazole, and Chitosan, significantly increased yield, with an increase rate of 5.55% -10.3% in 2022, and 1.95% -11.59% in 2023 respectively. The increasing effects ranked in an order from high to low as Chitosan> Uniconazole> Yuhuangjin> Tontianbao. Additionally, the application of Tonianbao, Yuhuangjin, Uniconazole and Chitosan increased content of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and soluble protein in soybeans, although reduced plant height. They also increased pods number per plant, grains number per plant, and hundred- grain weight.
植物生长调节剂 / 连作大豆 / 农艺性状 / 生理性状 / 产量 {{custom_keyword}} /
plant growth regulator / continuous cropping soybean / agronomic characteristics / physiological characteristics / yield {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 供试药剂Table 1 Test reagents |
处理 Treatment | 喷施剂量 Spraying dosage /(667 m2) | 生产厂家 Manufacturer |
---|---|---|
缩节胺(98%)可溶性粉剂 Mepiquate chloride(98%)soluble powders | 15 g | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd. |
烯效唑(5%)可湿性粉剂 Uniconazole(5%)wettable powder | 80 g | 江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司 Jiangsu Jianpai Agrochemical Co., Ltd. |
矮壮素(50%)水剂 Chlormequat chloride(50%)aqueous solution | 75 g | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd. |
玉黄金(30% 胺鲜脂·乙烯利) Yuhuangjin(30% Amine fresh ethephon) | 40 mL | 山西浩之大生物科技有限公司 Shanxi Haozhida Biotechnology Co., Ltd. |
吨田宝(22%)水剂 Tontianbao(22%)aqueous solution | 20 mL | 黑龙江禾田丰泽有限公司 Heilongjiang Hetian Fengze Co., Ltd. |
壳聚糖(80%)粉剂 Chitosan(80%)powder | 50 g | 山东朴正生物科技有限公司 Shandong Puzheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. |
对照 Control | 清水处理 Water |
表2 不同处理下的大豆农艺性状Table 2 Soybean agronomic traits under different treatments |
年 Year | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height /cm | 节数 Pitch number | 单株荚数 Pods per plant | 单株粒数 Grains per plant | 百粒重 100-grain weight /g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 缩节胺 Mepiquate chloride | 55.93±4.00 b | 16.70±0.80 a | 56.33±3.89 a | 69.41±3.40 c | 19.94±0.35 a |
烯效唑 Uniconazole | 63.97±6.19 ab | 16.67±1.70 a | 58.50±1.47 a | 88.19±8.73 b | 19.54±0.32 ab | |
吨田宝 Tontianbao | 65.87±8.07 ab | 16.23±1.84 a | 40.27±5.53 ab | 80.61±3.93 bc | 19.38±0.74 ab | |
矮壮素 Chlormequat chloride | 51.43±4.67 c | 14.80±1.26 a | 55.20±3.98 a | 79.92±5.25 c | 19.44±0.10 b | |
玉黄金 Yuhuangjin | 63.27±1.79 b | 17.17±1.03 a | 60.33±5.04 a | 89.78±6.48 b | 19.41±0.38 ab | |
壳聚糖 Chitosan | 64.47±5.72 ab | 16.73±0.52 a | 40.97±3.33 ab | 104.77±3.11 a | 19.39± 0.54 ab | |
对照 Control | 75.80±3.22 a | 15.63±0.90 a | 33.90± 1.85 b | 78.37±8.22 c | 19.36± 0.25 ab | |
2023 | 缩节胺 Mepiquate chloride | 56.91±6.13 b | 17.1±0.29 ab | 51.37±2.79 a | 74.50±8.50 cd | 19.31±0.82 ab |
烯效唑 Uniconazole | 62.74±1.95 ab | 16.7±0.83 ab | 55.5± 6.06 a | 79.95±2.50 c | 19.29±1.03 ab | |
吨田宝 Tontianbao | 65.14±6.21 ab | 16.14±1.22 ab | 36.8±2.70 b | 72.35±4.21 d | 18.85±0.58 bc | |
矮壮素 Chlormequat chloride | 51.25±3.28 b | 15.85±0.19 ab | 50.07± 3.18 a | 75.97±1.50 cd | 20.05±0.88 ab | |
玉黄金 Yuhuangjin | 63.33±4.19 b | 17.57±0.66 a | 59.87±1.27 a | 81.61±4.55 b | 20.02±1.18 ab | |
壳聚糖 Chitosan | 73.49±4.90 a | 16.88±0.34 ab | 37.89±6.12 b | 96.19±5.47 a | 18.58±0.75 bc | |
对照 Control | 74.43±0.66 a | 15.96±1.25 ab | 34.82±6.32 b | 71.27± 6.45d | 18.22±0.70 bc |
表3 不同处理下的大豆产量和品质Table 3 Soybean yield and quality under different treatments |
年 Year | 处理 Treatment | 蛋白含量 Protein conten /% | 脂肪含量 Fat content /% | 产量 Yield /(kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 缩节胺 Mepiquate chloride | 40.85±0.70ab | 21.66±0.15ab | 2307.45±53.85d |
烯效唑 Uniconazole | 41.37±1.14a | 21.54±0.07b | 2686.55±67.57ab | |
吨田宝 Tontianbao | 39.72±0.62b | 21.7±0.33ab | 2620.05±87.28b | |
矮壮素 Chlormequat chloride | 40.57±0.03ab | 21.46±0.20b | 2266.05±73.51d | |
玉黄金 Yuhuangjin | 40.57±0.21ab | 21.26±0.31b | 2652.75±77.68b | |
壳聚糖 Chitosan | 40.88±0.37ab | 22.06±0.13a | 2738.00±91.28a | |
对照 Control | 41.31±0.25a | 20.69±0.22c | 2482.40±60.83c | |
2023 | 缩节胺 Mepiquate chloride | 40.71±0.39ab | 21.35±0.18a | 2548.75±47.93cd |
烯效唑 Uniconazole | 41.49±0.43a | 21.66±0.12a | 2796.45±73.69ab | |
吨田宝 Tontianbao | 41.10±0.87ab | 21.05±0.48a | 2629.10±79.19b | |
矮壮素 Chlormequat chloride | 41.23±0.43ab | 21.26±0.30a | 2375.50±68.31d | |
玉黄金 Yuhuangjin | 41.28±0.22a | 21.24±0.20a | 2641.20±75.09b | |
壳聚糖 Chitosan | 40.99±0.40b | 21.02±0.16a | 2877.75±96.83a | |
对照 Control | 40.78±0.73ab | 21.31±0.28a | 2578.75±57.44c |
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