Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) received increasing attention in recent years because of its comprehensive utilization potentials. As a new source of food, vegetative oil, feed for the consumption of humans and livestock, it accumulates great nutrients including oil, starch, sugars, protein, dietary fibers etc. in its underground tubers. The aboveground grass could also be utilized as high-quality forage for livestock. As a multi-purpose crop originated in the desert area, tigernut has the characteristics of wide adaptability, higher biomass yield and value added chain, and shows great potential for the verstile applications in agricultural and industrial sectors. Abundant marginal land with sandy texture provides a basis for the development of tigernut industry in China. Currently, foundation of tigernut industry has been established in China, and the essentials of the industrial chain are also in place. The present paper reviewed the characteristics and utilization of tigernut as a cultivated crop in China, and analyzed its current status of research and industrial development. Potential, problems and adaptive suggestions related to the industry were also discussed.

Oil is the main energy storage substance and an important membrane component of plant. Oil is also involved in the signal transduction, stomatal opening and closing, pollination and fertilization, seed germination, and stress response. WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), a member of the AP2 transcription factor family, is master regulator in transcriptional control of plant oil biosynthesis. This paper reviewed recent advances in regulatory mechanism of WRI1 on plant oil biosynthesis, including (1) the discovery, origin, and evolutionary characteristics of WRI1; (2) gene expression characteristics, gene structure, protein structure, and promoter cis-acting elements of WRI1; (3) regulation mechanism of transcription level and translation level, and downstream target genes of WRI1; (4) the future research direction and application prospects. This review is expected to provide a reference for further understanding the molecular mechanism of WRI1 regulating plant oil synthesis, and also provide a theoretical basis for improving oil crops with WRI1.

MIKC MADS-box is a biological function rich family of transcription factors, and involved in regulating plant growth and development. In order to study the biological characteristics of MIKC-type MADS-box family genes in legumes, 92 and 45 MADS-box genes were identified in soybean and Medicago truncatula by bioinformatics method, and they were divided into 15 subfamilies. Motif analysis showed that the motifs of soybean and Medicago were different, and the gene structure and function changed. Collinearity and K_s analysis showed that 90.5% of the MIKC gene pairs in soybean and 87.1% of the MIKC-type gene pairs in Medicago were generated before the whole genome triplication in dicotyledons. Expression pattern analysis of genes in soybean showed that the MIKC MADS-box genes in soybean seedling stage were expressed higher than other stages, especially the expression of SVP, SOC1 and AGL12 subfamilies. Protein interaction network showed that soybean protein SVP interacted with CO, FT and TFL1 to regulate plant flowering. This study will lay a foundation for the further biological functions of MADS-box gene family.

DELLA is a main regulator of interaction between plants and environment and plant development. It is a negative regulatory protein involved in gibberellin signaling pathway and plays an important role in affecting the expression of plant hormone related genes and regulating symbiosis establishment and growth and development between plants and microorganisms. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene structure, location information, protein structure, conserved motif phylogenetic tree, cis elements, synteny analyses and gene expression of DELLA gene family in soybean. The results showed that DELLA gene family has seven members in soybean genome, which were located on seven different chromosomes. These genes had a single exon and N-terminal DELLA domain, and similar motif distribution, which proved that DELLA gene family was highly conserved. The phylogenetic tree showed that this family had three subfamilies. It’s promoter region contained a large number of cis acting elements, including elements involved in plant hormone response, drought induction and light response. Soybean DELLA genes Glyma.11G216500, Glyma.18G040000, Glyma.08G095800 and Glyma.05G140400 displayed better synteny with AT1G14920, AT1G66350 and AT2G01570 in Arabidopsis. Glyma.18G040000 and Glyma.11G216500 were expressed in various tissues of soybean, and the expression amount was relatively high. The above conclusions enrich our understanding of soybean DELLA gene family and lay a light on the further study of soybean DELLA gene function.

Diploid wild species Arachis duranensis (AA) and A. ipaensis (BB) are the most possible ancestors of cultivated peanut. Peanuts synthesized by ancestral species are important materials for studying the origin and evolution. In this study, a new interspecific hybrid W1824 of A. duranensis (PI 497262) and A. ipaensis (PI 468322) was created and identified by hybridization, tissue culture, oligonucleotide probe staining FISH (OS FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Analysis of pollen fertility, meiosis behavior and phenotypic traits showed that W1824 had high sterility, its average chromosome configuration was 0.5 III + 3.5 II + 11.5 I, and its height of main stem, length of first primary branch and leaf area showed super-parent advantage. This indicated that the two accessions PI 497262 and PI 468322 had high cross-compatibility and suggested that the tetraploid peanut synthesized using the two accessions might have significantly higher biological yield than their parents and unstable inheritance in chromosomal level.

Soybean root rot was a worldwide soil-borne disease that reduced soybean production. Pathogen identification is the premise and foundation for soybean root rot control. A total of 432 soybean rotten root samples were collected from main producing areas of Shandong Province in 2019-2020. Strains of 279 fungi were isolated and purified from watery soybean roots by tissue separation method, according to morphological identification and ITS， CoxII， β-tubulin sequence analyze， 52 strains were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum and Pythium sylvaticum. The isolation frequencies of P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, and P. sylvaticum were 50%, 34.62% and 15.38%, respectively, and P. aphanidermatum was the dominant pathogen. The pathogenicity test of the above 3 Pythium species was carried out and the symptoms of soybean root rot could be repeated in all the 3 Pythium species. This is the first report of adult stage soybean root rot caused by P. sylvaticum in China. The results could not only increase the pathogen understanding of soybean root rot, but also provide scientific basis for the disease control and resistance breeding.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop which has the largest planting area in China. In recent years however, several factors, such as labour shortage, low planting benefit and motivation of farmers, lead to expansion of winter fallow field year by year. This present paper studied its greater advantages of rapeseed on land use and conservation, mainly including its ability of optimizing soil structure, increasing soil nutrients (as green manure), and improving soil fertility. Meanwhile, due to its superior adaptability to environment, oilseed rape could apply as pioneer crop to amending the obstacle soil, and thus the natural resources (light, heat, water, and soil) in winter could be efficiently utilized. Winter oilseed rape does not compete with grain for land use and has the greatest potential to exploit winter fallow field for both benefiting the subsequent crops and taking full of its advantage in land conservation. It is of great significance to promote high yield of grain and oil, in order to ensure both security of edible oil supply and sustainable agricultural development in China.

Flax is one of the important oil crops in Northwest and North China. For its resistance to barren, wide use and high value, it has been planted and applied in more than 50 countries in the world. Flax mechanized efficient harvesting technology and supporting equipment is important to realize the whole mechanized production of flax. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign flax research institutions and different mechanized harvesting patterns, research progress on key technology and equipment for mechanized flax harvesting was emphatically expounded. Operation characteristics of various harvesting techniques and supporting equipment of flax were analyzed in detail. And the operation characteristics of different flax harvesting equipment at home and abroad were compared. Combined with the actual production and application of the existing problems and needs, the research emphases and development direction of mechanized flax harvesting in the future were discussed, in order to provide reference for the construction of flax mechanized production technology and equipment system.

According to the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China,since May 2017, China has changed the original approval management of rapeseed varieties to registration management. Up to July 2021, a total of 1212 rapeseed varieties have been registered in China. In order to reveal the rapeseed breeding level and to perfect the function of variety registration system, it was reviewed on current situation of rapeseed varieties registered in China with suggestions. Based on the data, nearly half of the registered varieties were newly bred, mainly self bred Brassica napus hybrid varieties （except one from abroad）, registered in provinces of the main production areas. Cold resistance trait received more attention. Disease resistance was enhanced. Oil content was significantly improved, and the quality was significantly improved as well. Problems included that most varieties were not applied for variety right protection, few varieties had short growth period which was becoming important. Thus we suggested to improve the process of variety registration system, including to revise the registration rules and guidelines soon. Considering the breeding direction, we suggested to strengthen the breeding on 3 features: short growth period, mechanized planting, and multifunction (for vegetable, green fertilizer and forage, etc.) for promoting high-quality development of China's rapeseed industry.

Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reverse genetics method based on post-transcriptional gene silencing. It can be used to identify gene function quickly. This technique has the advantages of short period of testing, simple operation, low cost, high efficiency, fastly obtaining phenotype, and high throughput. It has been widely used in gene function studying in plants. Legumes are of great economic significance as sources of starch, protein, oil and vegetables in human food. In the study, the application of virus-induced gene silencing technology in legumes was reviewed from technical principle, development and improvement vectors, and influencing factors of VIGS. The reviews will provide reference for conducting related studies by means of VIGS in legumeinous plants.

The additional lines of Brassica napus with one specific chromosome of the medicinal plant songlan （Isatis indigotica） showed particular antiviral activity, but the nutrients, yield of bolts （vegetable parts）, and comprehensive benefits remain to study. In this study, antiviral addition line Songyou 1 （used as paternal plant）, and nuclear sterility line Chuan A-3 （used as maternal plant） were crossed to selected Songyou 2 as experimental material. Yield and quality of seeds and vegetable bolts, the agronomic characteristics, and comprehensive benefits were investigated. Results showed that 48.56% plants presented chromosome-specific SSR fragments of songlan. As vegetables, contents of vitamin C and zinc were higher in bolts than those of broccoli （1-1-5）, cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）. Amino acids and protein contents were higher in bolts than those of cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）, comparable to broccoli （1-1-5）. The average start-cutting days of sprouts were 117 d, with vegetable bolt yield of 16 908.8 kg/hm², increased by 75.1% compared with oilseed-vegetables cultivation control. Compared with oilseeds cultivation, the final-flowering period was postponed by 6-10 days, and plant height, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, plant yield and oil content were reduced significantly. The predicted biomass at final flowering period was 124.3 t/hm². The seeds yield was 1127.3 kg/hm², increased by 16.4% compared with oilseeds-vegetable cultivation control, but decreased by 42.3% compared with the oilseeds cultivation. However, compared with oilseeds cultivation, the average comprehensive benefit of oilseeds-vegetables cultivation was 108 892.4 RMB yuan/hm², increased by 92 920.4 yuan/hm². The dual-purpose cultivation for oilseeds and vegetables of Songyou 2 had great sense for both human health and rapeseed cultivation.

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are the members of metallo-phosphoesterase family genes, which involve in multiple physiological functions, such as phosphorus utilization, carbon metabolism, and cell wall synthesis, especially adapt to phosphorus deficiency. In this study, we used bioinformatics method to identify the PAP gene family in peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) at genome-wide level, analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, conserved domain, gene structure, and expression pattern in 22 tissues. Results showed that a total of 39 AhPAP genes were characterized in peanut genome, their amino acid sequence length ranged from 205 to 905, the isoelectric points of majority PAP proteins were less than 7, as well the metallophosphatase domain existed in the C-terminal of PAP protein sequences. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with 74 PAPs that obtained from peanut, Arabidopsis, rice and medicago genome, and the entire PAPs could be divided into 4 subgroups. Each subgroup contained PAPs from different plant species, and they were not clustered into one category due to the species difference. Furthermore, the expression of several AhPAPs presented tissue-specific, arahy.P03NME and arahy.DAPS6C exhibited the highest expression levels in nodule, but lower or not detected in other tissues. Totally, our results laid a foundation for next revealing the biological function of AhPAPs in peanut.

Peanut bacterial wilt is a worldwide disease, which occurs in more than 20 countries around the world and seriously affects the yield and quality of peanut. This article refers to related literature, summarizes the research reports on peanut bacterial wilt in China, describes the occurrence and distribution of peanut bacterial wilt, pathogenic bacteria and its harmful symptoms, and the law of transmission and epidemics. The research progress of peanut bacterial wilt control methods and resistance breeding are also reviewed, the research direction of peanut bacterial wilt is prospected. It aims to provide a reference for the comprehensive control of peanut bacterial wilt in China.

To improve rapeseed resistance to clubroot, Huashuang 5R （carrying PbBa8.1 locus） and Huayouza 62R （carrying CRb locus） were used as donor parents for transferring resistant genes into Y522R. The strategy was combined with successive backcross and marker-assisted selection. By the process, 3 near isogenic lines Y522R ^PbBa8.1, Y522R ^CRb and Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb （containing PBba8.1, CRb, and PbBa8.1+CRb respectively） were obtained, with more than 90% genetic background recover rate. Subsequently, 3 clubroot resistant new hybrids Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1, Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb were derived from these near isogenic lines and RG430A （female parent of Shengguang 168）. The clubroot resistance of the above lines （as Y522R ^PbBa8.1, Y522R ^CRb, Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb,Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1, Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb ） was identified by using Race 4 （the dominant physiological race in China）. Results showed that Y522R ^CRb, Y522R ^PbBa8.1+CRb and their hybrids （Shengguang 168CR ^CRb and Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1+CRb ） had immunity to Race 4. Although Y522R ^PbBa8.1 and hybrid Shengguang 168CR ^PbBa8.1 were susceptible to Race 4, their levels of the resistance were still significantly higher than those of the control （Y522R and Shengguang 168）. Evaluation of agronomic traits showed that no significant differences were observed between the improved lines and Y522R, neither between the improved hybrids and Shengguang 168. The traits included flowering days, plant height, effective branches, silique length, seeds per silique and thousand seeds weight. Thus laid an important foundation for cultivation of excellent rape varieties resistant to clubroot.

The primer quality is one of the important factors affecting PCR reaction. The shortcomings of current primer design software mainly lie in relatively low throughput, complicated operation process and less extent of source opening. In this study, a high-throughput primer designing software （LightPrimer） was developed for cloning, quantitative real time PCR （qRT-PCR）, SNP and InDel markers development based on R and Local-BLAST. LightPrimer extracts specific sequences from the working genome via sequence information, followed by sequence fragmentation, Then basic local alignment between fragmentated sequences and the genome is performed by Local-BLAST, screening of highly specific fragmentated sequences which are filtrated through sequence specificity index and matched loci. After that a list of candidate primers is to be obtained by filtration of Tm, GC content, amplicon length, primer length, 3' end matching, GC end base and dimer screening. The sequence evaluation diagnostic plot could provide a reference for primer optimization if no target primers were obtained. LightPrimer is of high throughput, simple operation process, cross platform and open source, which could be a useful supplement to the existing primer design software. The LightPrimer can be downloaded from gitHub （https://github.com/YangtzeSoyGDB/LightPrimer.git）.

Glycerolipids are the main constituents of biological membranes, which participate in a variety of biological processes including energy and signal transduction and protein transport, thereby playing many important roles during plant growth and development. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase （GPAT） catalyzes the initial committed step in de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid （PA）. PA not only serves as a general precursor for the biosynthesis of membrane glycerolipids and the neutral lipid triacylglycerols, but also acts as an important signal molecule. So far, however, it has remained unclear how many genes encoding GPATs are present in plants, mainly due to the lack of convenient and effective methods for identification of this enzyme. In this review, we analyze and summarize the recent advance in studies on glycerolipid biosynthesis as well as on cloning and characterization of GPAT genes, then introduce the methods used for characterizing GPATs, especially for the development and application of yeast genetic complementation, and finally present our prospects for future studies on the initial step of the glycerolipid biosynthetic pathway.

Peanut southern blight is an important soil-borne fungal disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, widely distributed in most peanut producing countries. During the past decade, it has become an important disease which restricted peanut production in China, and causing significantly economic losses. In this review, characteristics, pathogenicity differentiation, and factors affecting disease development of peanut southern blight were discussed in order to provide reference for prevention and control of the disease.

Currently, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic vegetable oil is still low. As an important oil crop in China, rapeseed contributes to nearly 50% of the oil production of domestic oil crops, and it plays a vital role in ensuring national edible oil supply security. Since the "No. 1 central document" for 2012 first proposed the comprehensive deployment of agricultural science and technology strategy, the rapeseed industry has made great progress with scientific and technological support. The "No. 1 central document" for 2023 clearly proposes to further promote the soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project, take coordinated steps to support the rapeseed industry, promote rice-oil rotation, and vigorously develop winter idle fields. This paper systematically figured the development status of rapeseed industry from 2012 to 2022, summarized the scientific and technological progress within this sector, and analysed the current challenges and prospects. Finally, policy suggestions were put forward to support the sustainable development of rapeseed industry in China.

Torreya grandis kernel oil has abundant unsaturated fatty acid and is rich in tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol and other active substances. Furthermore, T. grandis kernel oil has antioxidative, hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-parasitic and other bioactivities. It is considered to be a kind of woody edible oil with high nutritional value. From these aspects of nutrient compositions, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of T. grandis kernel oil, the research on T. grandis kernel oil at home and abroad for the past few years were reviewed. It aims to provide theoretical reference for the further research of T. grandis kernel oil and its comprehensive utilization, and its future research priorities were prospected.

The Sclerotinia disease, caused by the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungi, is an important disease in most of cruciferous plants including Brassica napus. The disease has a serious impact on the yield quality of B. napus. In this study, we screened a Sclerotinia gene, named Ss160 (Sscle04g035160) based on the transcriptome analysis, and we found that Ss160 was highly expressed in S. sclerotiorum when inoculated them on leaves of B. napus. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that Ss160 contained a signal peptide and the amino sequence were well-conserved across fungi species. The subcellular location of Ss160 was not specific. Furthermore, the tobacco leaves transient expressed of Ss160, showed significant smaller disease lesion than the control, suggesting that heterologous expression of Ss160 in plant can enhance its Sclerotinia disease resistance. We further verified the transcript activation activity of Ss160 by yeast proteins interaction system in vitro. Our results lay the foundation for further research of the functional mechanisms of Ss160, and also provide the reference for Sclerotinia disease resistance study in B. napus.